Individual and interactive effects of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on herbs in a deciduous forest in the eastern United States

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• 作者：Cory C. Christopher ; Stephen F. Matter ; Guy N. Cameron
• 关键词：Annual and seasonal fluctuations ; Herbaceous plants ; Herbivory ; Impacts at multiple levels ; Invasive shrub
• 刊名：Biological Invasions
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：November 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：16
• 期：11
• 页码：2247-2261
• 全文大小：460 KB
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• 作者单位：Cory C. Christopher (1) (2)
  Stephen F. Matter (1)
  Guy N. Cameron (1)
  
  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0006, USA
  2. UC Forward, Office of the Academic Vice Provost for Undergraduate Affairs, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
  
• ISSN：1573-1464

文摘

Invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) has reduced diversity, growth, and reproduction of native herbs in the Midwest USA. These effects may be compounded by browsing from overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We used experimental treatments of honeysuckle (present, absent, removed) and deer (present, excluded) to measure their independent and interactive impacts on diversity, richness, and abundance of herbs in a deciduous forest in southwestern Ohio, USA. Species diversity and richness of herbs were not affected by honeysuckle or deer. Honeysuckle reduced abundance of annuals, graminoids, spring perennials, and summer perennials; deer decreased abundance of annuals and spring perennials, but increased abundance of graminoids. A deer?×?honeysuckle interaction showed that when honeysuckle was absent or removed, browsing by deer kept abundance of annuals and spring perennials low. Effects of honeysuckle and deer also were assessed for the three most abundant herbs: honeysuckle reduced abundance of Carex rosea and Sanicula odorata, and deer reduced abundance of Viola soraria. Herb abundance varied seasonally and annually. Honeysuckle and deer reduced number of leaves/stem of Maianthemum racemosum and a deer?×?honeysuckle interaction indicated that the negative effect of honeysuckle was released only when deer were excluded. Herb abundance and M. racemosum rebounded to or near to control levels after removal of honeysuckle. Our findings revealed that impacts of invasive honeysuckle or overabundant deer were not the same across all levels of biological organization (i.e., individual species, growth forms, community measures of species diversity/richness). Measuring impacts of these species at multiple levels of biological organization, considering deer?×?honeysuckle interactions, and collecting data for several years to account for seasonal and annual fluctuations will help guide management plans. The rapid response by herbs to removal of honeysuckle demonstrated the resilience of this community and is a hopeful sign for restoration of native understory herbs.