Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene confers poor overall survival in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline-based chemotherapy:
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Activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene (FLT3-ITD) are associated with poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia, but their prognostic impact in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remains controversial. Here, we screened for FLT3-ITD mutations in 171 APL patients, treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy. We identified FLT3-ITD mutations in 35 patients (20?%). FLT3-ITD mutations were associated with higher white blood cell counts (P--.0001), relapse-risk score (P--.0007), higher hemoglobin levels (P--.0004), higher frequency of the microgranular morphology (M3v) subtype (P--.03), and the short PML/RARA (BCR3) isoform (P--.0001). After a median follow-up of 38?months, FLT3-ITDpositive patients had a lower 3-year overall survival rate (62?%) compared with FLT3-ITDnegative patients (82?%) (P--.006). The prognostic impact of FLT3-ITD on survival was retained in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio: 2.39, 95?% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-.89; P--.017). Nevertheless, complete remission (P--.07), disease-free survival (P--.24), and the cumulative incidence of relapse (P--.94) rates were not significantly different between groups. We can conclude that FLT3-ITD mutations are associated with several hematologic features in APL, in particular with high white blood cell counts. In addition, FLT3-ITD may independently predict a shorter survival in patients with APL treated with ATRA and anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

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