Moth Outbreaks Alter Root-Associated Fungal Communities in Subarctic Mountain Birch Forests

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• 作者：Karita Saravesi ; Sami Aikio ; Piippa R. W?li ; Anna Liisa Ruotsalainen…
• 关键词：Fungal community ; Defoliation ; ITS2 ; Root ; associated fungi ; Subarctic ecosystem
• 刊名：Microbial Ecology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：May 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：69
• 期：4
• 页码：788-797
• 全文大小：654 KB
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• 作者单位：Karita Saravesi (1)
  Sami Aikio (1) (2)
  Piippa R. W?li (1)
  Anna Liisa Ruotsalainen (1)
  Maarit Kaukonen (1)
  Karoliina Huusko (1)
  Marko Suokas (1)
  Shawn P. Brown (3)
  Ari Jumpponen (4)
  Juha Tuomi (1)
  Annamari Markkola (1)
  
  1. Department of Biology, University of Oulu, POB 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
  2. Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, POB 7, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
  3. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505. S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
  4. Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Microbiology
  Ecology
  Geoecology and Natural Processes
  Nature Conservation
  
• 出版者：Springer New York
• ISSN：1432-184X

文摘

Climate change has important implications on the abundance and range of insect pests in forest ecosystems. We studied responses of root-associated fungal communities to defoliation of mountain birch hosts by a massive geometrid moth outbreak through 454 pyrosequencing of tagged amplicons of the ITS2 rDNA region. We compared fungal diversity and community composition at three levels of moth defoliation (intact control, full defoliation in one season, full defoliation in two or more seasons), replicated in three localities. Defoliation caused dramatic shifts in functional and taxonomic community composition of root-associated fungi. Differentially defoliated mountain birch roots harbored distinct fungal communities, which correlated with increasing soil nutrients and decreasing amount of host trees with green foliar mass. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) abundance and richness declined by 70-0?% with increasing defoliation intensity, while saprotrophic and endophytic fungi seemed to benefit from defoliation. Moth herbivory also reduced dominance of Basidiomycota in the roots due to loss of basidiomycete EMF and increases in functionally unknown Ascomycota. Our results demonstrate the top-down control of belowground fungal communities by aboveground herbivory and suggest a marked reduction in the carbon flow from plants to soil fungi following defoliation. These results are among the first to provide evidence on cascading effects of natural herbivory on tree root-associated fungi at an ecosystem scale.