Dopamine Burden Triggers Neurodegeneration via Production and Release of TNF-α from Astrocytes in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
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- 作者：Saidan Ding ; Weikan Wang ; Xuebao Wang ; Yong Liang ; Leping Liu…
- 关键词：Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) ; Dopamine (DA) ; Cognitive impairment ; Astrocytic TNF ; α ; Neurodegeneration
- 刊名：Molecular Neurobiology
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：October 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：53
- 期：8
- 页码：5324-5343
- 全文大小：7,204 KB
- 刊物主题：Neurosciences; Neurobiology; Cell Biology; Neurology;
- 出版者：Springer US
- ISSN：1559-1182
- 卷排序：53
文摘
Dopamine (DA)-induced learning and memory impairment is well documented in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), but the contribution of DA to neurodegeneration and the involved underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, the effect of DA on neuronal apoptosis was initially detected. The results showed that MHE/DA (10 μg)-treated rats displayed neuronal apoptosis. However, we found that DA (10 μM) treatment did not induce evident apoptosis in primary cultured neurons (PCNs) but did produce TNF-α in primary cultured astrocytes (PCAs). Furthermore, co-cultures between PCAs and PCNs exposed to DA exhibited increased astrocytic TNF-α levels and neuronal apoptosis compared with co-cultures exposed to the vehicle, indicating the attribution of the neuronal apoptosis to astrocytic TNF-α. We also demonstrated that DA enhanced TNF-α production from astrocytes by activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, and secreted astrocytic TNF-α-potentiated neuronal apoptosis through inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Overall, the findings from this study suggest that DA stimulates substantial production and secretion of astrocytic TNF-α, consequently and indirectly triggering progressive neurodegeneration, resulting in cognitive decline and memory loss in MHE.