Common Genotypes of Hepatitis B virus prevalent in Injecting drug abusers (addicts) of North West Frontier Province of Pakistan

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Muhammad Masroor Alam (1)
  Sohail Zahoor Zaidi (2)
  Shehzad Shaukat (1)
  Salmaan Sharif (1)
  Mehar Angez (1)
  Asif Naeem (1)
  Shamim Saleha (3)
  Javed Aslam Butt (4)
  Salman Akbar Malik (5)
  
• 刊名：Virology Journal
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：December 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：4
• 期：1
• 全文大小：272KB
• 参考文献：1. Zuckerman JN, Zuckerman AJ: Current topics in hepatitis B. / Journal of infections 2000,41(2):130鈥?36. CrossRef
  2. Lee WM: Hepatitis B infection. / New England Journal of Medicine 1997, 337:1733鈥?745. CrossRef
  3. Heerman KH, Gerlich WH, Michael C, Schaefer S, Thomssen R: Quantitative detection of heopatitis B virus DNA in two international reference plasma preparartions. / Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1999,37(1):68鈥?3.
  4. Bowyer SM, Sim GM: Relationship within and between the genotypes of Hepatitis B virus at point across the genome: footprints of recombination in certain isolates. / Journal of General Virology 2000,81(2):379鈥?92.
  5. Abe A, Kazuaki I, Take AT, Junko K, Nooki K, Satoshi T, Mkoto Y, Michinori K: Quantification of Hepatitis B virus genomic DNA by Real-Time detection. / Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2000,37(9):2899鈥?903.
  6. Mahoney FJ: Update on diagnosis, management, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. / Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1999, 12:351鈥?66.
  7. Yassin K, Awad R, Tebi Aj, Queder A, Laaser U: Prevalence and risk factors of HBsAg in Gaza: implication for preventionand control. / Journal of Infections 2002,44(4):252鈥?56. CrossRef
  8. Arboleda M, Castilho MC, Fonseca JC, Albuquerque BC, Saboia RC, Yoshida CF: Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and D virus infection in the northern region of Amazonas, Brazil. / Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1995, 89:481鈥?83. CrossRef
  9. Passos AD, Gomes UA, Figueiredo JF, do Nascimento MM, de Oliveira JM, Gaspar AM, Yoshida CF: Influence of migration on the prevalence of serologic hepatitis B markers in a local rural community, analysis of prevalence by birth place. / Revista De Saude Publica 1993, 27:30鈥?5.
  10. El-Sayed HF, Abaza SM, Mehanna S, Winch PJ: The prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among immigrants to a newly reclaimed area endemic for Schistosoma mansoni in Sinai, Egypt. / Acta Tropica 1997, 68:229鈥?37. CrossRef
  11. Chowdhury A, Santra A, Chaudhuri S, Ghosh A, Banerjee P, Mazumder DN: Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the general population: arural community based study. / Trop Gastroenterolo 1999,20(2):75鈥?7.
  12. Andre F: Hepatitis B epidemiology in Asia: the Middle East and Africa. / Vaccine 2000,18(Suppl 1):S20鈥?. CrossRef
  13. HBV and HCV review article by JCPSP 2000,12(6):368鈥?71.
  14. Orito E, Mizokami M, Ina Y, Moriyama EN, Kameshima N, Yamamoto M, Gojobori T: Host dependent evolution and a genetic classification of the hepadnavirus family based on nucleotide sequence. / Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA 1989, 86:7059鈥?062. CrossRef
  15. Okamoto H, Tsuda F, Sakugawa H, Sakugawa H, Sastrosoewignjo RI, Imai M, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M: Typing Hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence: comparison of surface antigen subtypes. / Journal of General Virology 1988, 69:2575鈥?583. CrossRef
  16. Kramvis A, Kew M, Francois G: Hepatitis B virus genotypes. / Vaccine 2005, 23:2409鈥?423. CrossRef
  17. Gunther S, Fischer L, Pult I, Sterneck M, Will H: Naturally occurring variants of hepatitis B virus. / Advances in Virus Research 1999, 52:25鈥?37. CrossRef
  18. Hunt CM, McGill JM, Allen MI, Condreay LD: Clinical relevance of hepatitis B viral mutations. / Hepatology 2000, 31:1037鈥?4. CrossRef
  19. Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Chen DS: Hepatitis B genotypes correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B. / Gastroenterology 2000, 118:554鈥?59. CrossRef
  20. Sumi H, Yokosuka O, Seki N: Influence of Hepatitis B virus genotypes on the progression of chronic type B liver disease. / Hepatology 2003, 37:19鈥?6. CrossRef
  21. Westland C, Delaney W, Yang H: Hepatitis B virus genotypes and virologic response in 694 patients in phase III studies of adefovir dipivoxil1. / Gastroenterology 2003, 125:107鈥?16. CrossRef
  22. Chen BF, Chen PJ, Jow GM, Sablon E, Liu CJ, Chen DS, Kao JH: High prevalence of mixed genotype infections in hepatitis B virus infected intravenous drug users. / J Med Virol 2004,74(4):536鈥?2. CrossRef
  23. Zhu B, Luo K, Hu Z: Establishment of a method for classification of HBV genome and its application. / Zhonghua Shiyan He Linchuang Bingduxue Zazhi 1999, 13:309鈥?13.
  24. Liu Cj, Kao Jh, Chen PJ, Lai My, Chen DS: Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus serotypes and genotypes in Taiwan. / J of biomed Sciences 2002,9(2):166鈥?70. CrossRef
  25. Kato H, Ruzibakiev R, Yuldasheva N, Hegay T, Kurbanov F, Achundjanov B, Tuichiev L, Usuda S, Ueda R, Mizokami M: Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Uzbekistan and validity of two different systems for genotyping. / Journal of Medical virology 2002, 67:477鈥?83. CrossRef
  26. Harpaz R, Von Seidlein L, Averhoff FM, / et al.: Transmission of hepatitis B virus to multiple patients from a surgeon without evidence of inadequate infection control. / N Engl J Med 1996, 334:549鈥?54. CrossRef
  27. Custer B, Sullivan SD, Hazlet TK, Iloeje U, Veenstra DL, Kowdley KV: Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus. / Journal of clinical Gastroenterology 38(10 Suppl):S158-S168.
  28. Naito H, Hayashi S, Abe K: Rapid and specific genotyping system for hepatitis B virus corresponding to six major genotypes by PCR using type specific primers. / Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2001,39(1):362鈥?64. CrossRef
  29. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: [http://www.unodc.org/pdf/WDR2005/volume2web.pdf] / World Drug Report, Statistics, United Nations 2005., II:
  30. United Nations Drug Control Programme Global Assessment Programme on drug Abuse, Narcotics Control Division A-NFGoP: Drug Abuse in Pakistan / Results from the year 2000 National Assessment New York, United Nations 2002.
  31. [http://www.irin.org]
  32. Van Ameijden EJ, Van den Hoek JA, Mientjes GH, Coutinho RA: A longitudinal study on the incidence and transmission patterns of HIV, HBV and HCV infection among drug users in Amsterdam. / Eur J Epidemiol 1993,9(3):255鈥?2. CrossRef
  33. Kuo I, Hasan S, Galai N, Thomas DL, Zafar T, Ahmed MA, Strathdee SA: High HCV seroprevalnce and HIV drug use risk behaviours among injection drug users in Pakistan. / Harem reduction Journal 2006, 3:26. CrossRef
  34. Simonsen L, Kane A, Lloyd J, Zaffran M, Kane M: Unsafe injections in the developing world and transmission of bloodborne pathogens: a review. / Bull World Health Organ 1999,77(10):789鈥?00.
  35. Kane A, Lloyd J, Zaffran M, Simonsen L, Kane M: Transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses through unsafe injections in the developing world: model-based regional estimates. / Bull World Health Organ 1999,77(10):801鈥?.
  36. [http://www.Unodc.org] 2001.
  37. DOST Welfare Foundation, Pakistan. pak@dwf.pwr.sdnpk.undp.org
  38. Toan NL, Song LH, Kremsner PG, Duy DN, Binh VQ, Koeberlein B, Kaiser S, Kandolf R, Torresi J, Bock CT: Impact of Hepatitis B virus genotypes and genotype mixtures on the course of liver disease in Vietnam. / Hepatology 2006, 25:1375鈥?384. CrossRef
  39. Thakur V, Guptan RC, Kazim SN, Malhotra V, Sarin SK: Profile, spectrum and significance of HBV genotypes in chronic liver disease patients in the Indian subcontinent. / Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2002,17(2):165鈥?70. CrossRef
  40. Amini- Bavil-Olyaee S, Alavian SM, Adeli A, Sarrami-Forooshani R, Sabahi F: Hepatitis B virus genotyping, core promoter and precore/core mutations among afghan patients infected with hepatitis B: a preliminary report. / Journal of Medical Virology 2006, 78:358鈥?64. CrossRef
  41. Zeng GB, Wen SJ, Wang ZH, Yan L, Sun J, Hou JL: A novel hepatitis B virus genotyping system by using restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of S gene amplicons. / World J Gastroenterol 10(21):3132鈥?. 2004 Nov 1
  42. Chen BF, Kao JH, Liu CJ, Chen DS, Chen PJ: Genotypic dominance and novel recombinations in HBV genotype B and C co-infected intravenous drug users. / J med Virol 2004, 81:379鈥?92.
  43. Kato H, orito E, Gish RG, Bzowel N, Newson M, Sugauchi F, Suzuki S, Ueda R, Miyakawa Y, Mizokami M: Hepatitis B e antigen in sera from individuals infected with hepatitis b virus of genotype G. / Hepatology 2002, 35:922鈥?29. CrossRef
  44. Chen BF, Chen PJ, Jow GM, Sablon E, Liu CJ, Chen DS, Kao JH: High prevalence of mixed genotype infections in hepatitis B virus infected intravenous drug users. / J Med Virol 2004,74(4):536鈥?2. CrossRef
  45. Micalessi MI, De Cock L, Vranckx R: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping in Belgian patients with chronic HBV infection. / Clin Microbiol Infect 2005,11(6):499鈥?01. CrossRef
  46. Dai JY, Shi ZL, Dai Y, Du H, Chen DH, Wang SY: Genotyping of HBV DNA in Shenzhen and clinical manifestations. / Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2004,12(4):199鈥?00.
  47. Zhu B, Luo K, Hu Z: Establishment of a method for classification of HBV genome and it's application. / Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 1999,13(4):309鈥?3.
  48. Girlanda R, Mohsen AH, Smith H, Sablon E, Yuen MF, O'Grady J, Muiesan P, Rela M, Heaton N, Norris S: Hepatitis B virus genotype A and D and clinical outcomes of liver transplantation for HBV-related disease. / Liver Transpl 2004,10(1):58鈥?4. CrossRef
  49. Cui C, Shi J, Hui L, Zhuoma XX, Quni XX, Tsedan XX, Hu G: The dominant hepatitis b virus genotype identified in Tibet is C/D hybrid. / J Gen Virol 2002, 83:2773鈥?777.
  50. Hannoun C, Krogsgaard K, Horal P, Lindh M: Genotype mixtures of hepatitis B virus in patients treated with interferon. / Journal of Infectious Diseases 2002, 15:752鈥?59. CrossRef
  51. Jutavijittum P, Jiviriyawat Y, Yousukh A, Kunachiwa W, ToriYama K: Genotypes of Hepatitis B virus among voluntary blood donors in northern Thailand. / Hepatology Research 2006, 26.
  52. Halfon P, Bourliere M, Pol S, Benhamou Y, Ouzan D: Multicenter study of Hepatitis B virus genotypes in France: Correlation with liver fibrosis and hepatitis B e antigen status. / Journa of Viral Hepatology 2006,13(5):329鈥?25. CrossRef
  53. Abbas Z, Jafri W, Shah SH, Khokhar N, Zuberi SJ: Pakistan Society of Gastroenterology. PSG consensus statement on management of hepatitis B virus infection-2003. / J Pak Med Assoc 2004, 54:150鈥?58.
  
• 作者单位：Muhammad Masroor Alam (1)
  Sohail Zahoor Zaidi (2)
  Shehzad Shaukat (1)
  Salmaan Sharif (1)
  Mehar Angez (1)
  Asif Naeem (1)
  Shamim Saleha (3)
  Javed Aslam Butt (4)
  Salman Akbar Malik (5)
  
  1. Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
  2. Head of Department of Virology; Principal Investigator-WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio Eradication Initiative, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
  3. Research Student, Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
  4. Head of Department of Gastroenterology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
  5. Head of Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  
• ISSN：1743-422X

文摘

Background The epidemiological significance of Hepatitis B virus genotypes has been well established and becoming an essential concern day by day however, much little is known about the mixed infection with more than one Hepatitis B virus genotypes and their clinical relevance. Methods Intravenous drug abusers are considered as a major risk group for the acquisition and transmission of blood borne infections like hepatitis B, however, in Pakistan, no such data has ever been reported about the epidemiology of HBV and its genotypes in Injecting Drug Users. 250 individuals were analyzed for hepatitis B virus genotypes after prior screening with serological assay for the detection of HBsAg. Results 56 (22.4%) individuals were found positive on ELSIA for HBsAg. The genotype distribution was found to be as: genotype D, 62.5%; genotype A, 8.92% while 28.57% individuals were found to be infected with a mixture of genotype A and D. Conclusion There is an urgent need of the time to develop public health care policies with special emphasis towards the control of HBV transmission through high risk groups especially Injecting Drug Users.