Clean energy and water: assessment of Mexico for improved water services and renewable energy

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Kelly T. Sanders ; Carey W. King…
• 关键词：Distributed technologies ; Energy ; Mexico ; Policy ; Renewable energy ; Water ; Energy ; water nexus
• 刊名：Environment, Development and Sustainability
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：October 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：15
• 期：5
• 页码：1303-1321
• 全文大小：246KB
• 参考文献：1. Adler, I. (2011). Domestic water demand management: Implications for Mexico City. / International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, / 3(1), 93-05. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2011.567085">CrossRef
  2. Bermudez-Contreras, A., Thomson, M., & Infield, D. G. (2008). Renewable energy powered desalination in Baja California Sur Mexico. / Desalination, / 220(1-), 431-40. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.046">CrossRef
  3. BMZ. (2011). Support for the programme to promote solar water heating in Mexico (PROCALSOL) ttp://www.gtz.de/en/themen/27813.htm" class="a-plus-plus">http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/27813.htm. Accessed 9 Sept 2011.
  4. Cancino-Solorzano, Y., Villicana-Ortiz, E., Gutierrez-Trashorras, A. J., & Xiberta-Bernat, J. (2010). Electricity sector in Mexico: Current status. Contribution of renewable energy sources. / Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, / 14(1), 454-61. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.022 . ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.022">CrossRef
  5. Carrera-Hernández, J. J., & Gaskin, S. J. (2009). Water management in the Basin of Mexico: Current state and alternative scenarios. / Hydrogeology Journal, / 17, 1483-494. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0442-2">CrossRef
  6. Cheeseman, G.-M. (2012). Mexico is rapidly increasing wind power installations. ttp://www.triplepundit.com/2012/05/mexico-rapidly-increasing-installed-wind-power/" class="a-plus-plus">http://www.triplepundit.com/2012/05/mexico-rapidly-increasing-installed-wind-power/. Accessed 17 May 2012.
  7. CIA. (2011). / The world factbook. North America: Mexico: Central Intelligence Agency.
  8. Daigger, G. T. (2009). Evolving urban water and residuals management paradigms: Water reclamation and reuse, decentralization, and resource recovery. / Water Environment Research, / 81(8), 809-23. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143009X425898">CrossRef
  9. Dechezlepretre, A., Glachant, M., & Meniere, Y. (2009). Technology transfer by CDM projects: A comparison of Brazil, China, India and Mexico. / Energy Policy, / 37(2), 703-11. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.10.007">CrossRef
  10. Earthscan and IWMI. (2007). / Water for food, water for life: A comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. London, Colombo: Earthscan, International Water Management Institute.
  11. EIA. (2010a). International energy statistics. ttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/contents.html" class="a-plus-plus">http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/contents.html. Accessed 28 Apr 2010.
  12. EIA. (2010b). / Mexico energy data, statistics and analysis—Oil, gas, electricity, Coal. Washington DC: Country Analysis Briefs.
  13. EIA. (2012). Mexico: Country analysis brief. Washington, D.C.: The US Energy Information Administration.
  14. Espinosa, I. E. C. (2002). Water management in the state of Mexico and in the Mexico Valley. In G. Dubois-Taine (Ed.), / Sustainable Urban Services, Santiago de Chile Seminar, Santiago, Chile, July 11-em class="a-plus-plus">12 2002 (pp. 121-32).
  15. Figueres, C., Tortajada, C., & Rockstrom, J. (Eds.). (2003). / Rethinking water management: Innovative approaches to contemporary issues. London: Earthscan Ltd.
  16. Fink, G., Gunther, I., & Hill, K. (2011). The effect of water and sanitation on child health: Evidence from the demographic and health surveys 1986-007. / International Journal of Epidemiology, / 40, 1196-204. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr102">CrossRef
  17. Haggarty, L., Brook, P., & Zuluaga, M. (2001). Thirst for Reform? Private sector participation in providing Mexico City’s water supply. / Policy research working paper 2654: The World Bank.
  18. Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. / Science, / 162(3859), 1243-248. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3859.1243">CrossRef
  19. Ibarguengoitia, J. A. C. (2010). / Institutional innovation in water management: The case of Mexico City’s recharge wells. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  20. IPCC. (2012). / Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation (A special report of working groups I and II of the intergovernmental panel on climate change). Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
  21. IslaUrbana. (Ed.). (2011). Isla Urbana Press Kit. México DF: IslaUrbana. ttp://www.islaurbana.org/" class="a-plus-plus">http://www.islaurbana.org/. Accessed December 2011.
  22. King, C. W., Stillwell, A. S., Twomey, K. M., & Webber, M. E. (2013). Coherence between water and energy policies. / Natural Resources Journal, / 53(1) (in press).
  23. Kulichenko, N., & Wirth, J. (2012). / Concentrating solar power in developing countries: Regulatory and financial incentives for scaling up. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
  24. Lankao, P. R. (2010). Water in Mexico City: What will climate change bring to its history of water-related hazards and vulnerabilities? / Environment and Urbanization, / 22, 157. doi:10.1177/0956247809362636 . ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247809362636">CrossRef
  25. MacDonald, G. M., Stahle, D. W., Diaz, J. V., Beer, N., Busby, S. J., Cerano-Paredes, J., et al. (2008). Climate warming and 21st-century drought in Southwestern North America. / Eos, / 89(9), 82-4. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008EO090003">CrossRef
  26. Makropoulos, C. K., & Butler, D. (2010). Distributed water infrastructure for sustainable communities. / Water Resources Management, / 24(11), 2795-816. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-010-9580-5">CrossRef
  27. Mallett, A. (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy innovations: The role of technology cooperation in urban Mexico. / Energy Policy, / 35(5), 2790-798. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2006.12.008">CrossRef
  28. Mendoza-Espinosa, L., Orozco-Borbón, M., & Silva-Nava, P. (2004). Quality assessment of reclaimed water for its possible use for crop irrigation and aquifer recharge in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. / Water Science and Technology, / 50(2), 285-91.
  29. Montgomery, M., & Elimelech, M. (2007). Water and sanitation in developing countries: Including health in the equation. / Environmental Science and Technology, / 41, 17-4. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es072435t">CrossRef
  30. OECD. (2006). / Agricultural and fisheries policies in Mexico: Recent achievements, continuing the reform agenda. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
  31. OECD/IEA. (2011). Beyond the OECD—Saudi Arabia ttp://www.iea.org/country/n_country.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=SA" class="a-plus-plus">http://www.iea.org/country/n_country.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=SA. Accessed 9 Sept 2011.
  32. Oh, S. T., Kim, J. R., Premier, G. C., Lee, T. H., Kim, C., & Sloan, W. T. (2010). Sustainable wastewater treatment: How might microbial fuel cells contribute. / Biotechnology Advances, / 28(6), 871-81. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.07.008">CrossRef
  33. PLEIADeS. (2011). PLEIADeS Factsheet Sonora (Mexico). ttp://www.pleiades.es/index.php?option=com_jdownloads&task=summary&cid=31&catid=13" class="a-plus-plus">http://www.pleiades.es/index.php?option=com_jdownloads&task=summary&cid=31&catid=13.
  34. Qadir, M., Wichelns, D., Raschid-Sally, L., McCornick, P. G., Drechsel, P., Bahri, A., et al. (2010). The challenges of wastewater irrigation in developing countries. / Agricultural Water Management, / 97(4), 561-68. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.11.004">CrossRef
  35. Retamal, M., Glassmire, J., Abeysuriya, K., Turner, A., & White, S. (2009). / The water-energy nexus: Investigation into the energy implications of household rainwater systems. Sydney: Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney; CSIRO.
  36. Rosas-Flores, J. A., Rosas-Flores, D., & Gálvez, D. M. (2011). Saturation, energy consumption, CO₂ emission and energy efficiency from urban and rural households appliances in Mexico. / Energy and Buildings, / 43(1), 10-8. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.08.020">CrossRef
  37. Shah, T., Scott, C., & Buechler, S. (2004). Water sector reforms in Mexico: Lessons for India’s new water policy. / Economic and Political Weekly, / 39(4), 361-70.
  38. Siemens, J., Huschek, G., Siebe, C., & Kaupenjohann, M. (2008). Concentrations and mobility of human pharmaceuticals in the world’s largest wastewater irrigation system, Mexico City–Mezquital Valley. / Water Research, / 42(8-), 2124-134. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.019">CrossRef
  39. Simon, D. (2003). The impact of cropland cover on river nutrient levels in the Mississippi River Basin. / Global Ecology and Biogeography, / 12(4), 341-55. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00032.x">CrossRef
  40. Skees, J. R., & Leiva, A. J. (2005). Analysis of risk instruments in an irrigation sub-sector in Mexico. / Submitted to the Inter- / American Development Bank Technical Cooperation Program IDB- / Netherlands Water Partnership Program (INWAP). Lexington, KY: GlobalAgRisk.
  41. Spencer, J., Johnston, C., & Harper, D. (2008). / Identification and evaluation of resource recovery opportunities. Victoria, BC, Canada: Capital Regional District, Core Area Wastewater Management Program.
  42. Stahle, D. W., Cook, E. R., Díaz, J. V., Fye, F. K., Burnette, D. J., Griffin, R. D., et al. (2009). Early 21st-century drought in Mexico. / Eos, / 90(11), 89-0. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009EO110001">CrossRef
  43. Tortajada, C. (1998). Water supply and wastewater management in Mexico: An analysis of the environmental policies. / Water Resources Development, / 14(3), 327-37. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629849240">CrossRef
  44. Tortajada, C. (2006). Water management in Mexico City metropolitan. / Water Resources Development, / 22(2), 353-76. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620600671367">CrossRef
  45. Trieb, F., Schillings, C., O’Sullivan, M., Pregger, T., & Hoyer-Klick, C. (2009). Global potential of concentrating solar power. In / SolarPaces Conference, Berlin, Germany.
  46. UNFCCC. (2011). Current CDM pipeline projects. ttp://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/index.html" class="a-plus-plus">http://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/index.html. Accessed 6 Apr 2011.
  47. Ward, F. A., & Pulido-Velazquez, M. (2008). Water conservation in irrigation can increase water use. / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, / 105(47), 18215-8220. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805554105">CrossRef
  48. Wilder, M., Scott, C., Pablos, N., Varady, R., Garfin, G., & McEvoy, J. (2012). Adapting across boundaries: Climate change, social learning, and resilience in the US–Mexico border region. / Annals of the Association of American Geographers, / 100(4), 917-28. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2010.500235">CrossRef
  49. Zhang, X., Zwiers, F. W., Hegerl, G. C., Lambert, F. H., Gillett, N. P., Solomon, S., et al. (2007). Detection of human influence on twentieth-century precipitation trends. / Nature, / 448(7152), 461-65. ternal" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06025">CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Kelly T. Sanders (1)
  Carey W. King (2)
  Ashlynn S. Stillwell (1)
  Michael E. Webber (3)
  
  1. Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1786, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
  2. Center for International Energy and Environmental Policy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2275 Speedway Stop 9000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
  
• ISSN：1573-2975

文摘

Vast natural resources and strained water supplies make Mexico a valuable geographic setting for studying the energy-water nexus. While Mexico has historically been a major oil producing country, it struggles with water stress, as much of its land area is experiencing or approaching physical water scarcity. Solving many of Mexico’s water issues will require energy for extracting, transporting, and treating water where it is needed most. Yet such energy use is not always possible since many people are not connected to an electricity grid or other decentralized energy infrastructure. In addition, a continuation of the almost decade-long trend of declining oil production and exports might reduce revenues and available energy to fund and operate new water systems. Consequently, there is an opportunity to improve water services through use of distributed renewable energy technologies that do not directly require fossil resources or large-scale infrastructure. Various policies and technologies are relevant to the energy-water nexus on a decentralized scale, which are covered in this manuscript. We use an integrated technology policy framework to assess the efficacy of integrating renewable energy and water systems in Mexico via case studies of technologies affecting energy-water policy objectives and choices. Particularly, important factors for technology development include consideration of performance parameters, cultural acceptance, willingness to pay, and financing.