Vetch aphid, Megoura crassicauda (Hemiptera: Aphididae), parasitism does not reduce the bean production of narrow-leaved vetch, Vicia sativa subsp. nigra (Fabaceae)

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• 作者：Atsushi Kasai
• 关键词：Constant sacrifice ; Extrafloral nectary ; Flower bud formation ; Non ; myrmecophilous aphid ; Reasonable consumer
• 刊名：Ecological Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：31
• 期：2
• 页码：189-194
• 全文大小：838 KB
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• 作者单位：Atsushi Kasai (1)
  
  1. National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
  
• 刊物主题：Ecology; Plant Sciences; Zoology; Evolutionary Biology; Behavioural Sciences; Forestry;
• 出版者：Springer Japan
• ISSN：1440-1703

文摘

Megoura crassicauda Mordvilko (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a dominant aphid species found on Vicia sativa subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (Fabaceae) in the spring. Worker ants of Formica japonica, the dominant ant species attracted to the extrafloral nectaries of V. s. nigra, often attack ladybirds (Coccinella septempunctata), which are aphid enemies. However, the workers of F. japonica do not attack or exclude M. crassicauda, the non-myrmecophilous aphid. It appears that the “bodyguard” retained by the plant guards the plant’s herbivore by attacking the herbivores’ enemies, rather than guarding the plant itself. The relationship between V. s. nigra and M. crassicauda was observed in the field to examine and evaluate the cost of parasitism. Parasitism by M. crassicauda delayed flower bud formation markedly in V. s. nigra but did not kill the plants. V. s. nigra plants that were parasitized showed a net bean production similar to that of the non-parasitized controls. The parasitism rate of M. crassicauda increased when extrafloral nectaries were used by F. japonica. These results may indicate that M. crassicauda provides V. s. nigra with benefits by preventing other serious disadvantages.