Long-term improvement of agricultural vegetation by floodwater spreading in the Gareh Bygone Plain, Iran. In the pursuit of human security, is artificial recharge of groundwater more lucrative than selling oil?

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• 作者：Sayyed Hamid Mesbah ; Mehrdad Mohammadnia ; Sayyed Ahang Kowsar
• 关键词：Emergency groundwater resources ; Disaster ; Artificial recharge ; Floodwater spreading ; Iran
• 刊名：Hydrogeology Journal
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：24
• 期：2
• 页码：303-317
• 全文大小：1,842 KB
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• 作者单位：Sayyed Hamid Mesbah (1)
  Mehrdad Mohammadnia (1)
  Sayyed Ahang Kowsar (1)
  
  1. Fars Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 71555–617, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran, 7155863511
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Hydrogeology
  Geology
  Waste Water Technology, Water Pollution Control, Water Management and Aquatic Pollution
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1435-0157

文摘

In southern Iran’s Gareh Bygone Plain, water-supply qanats in four mixed farming communities were desiccated by over-pumping of illegal dug wells throughout the area. Emergency situations developed, resulting in city-ward migration. Since 1983, 193 million m3 of water has been supplied to those communities by floodwater spreading (FWS) to facilitate spate irrigation of sandy rangeland (2,034 ha) and artificial recharge of groundwater (ARG), of which 76 % has recharged the aquifer. This resulted in a reverse migration of the population. The irrigated area in the 2010–2011 growing season increased 13.2 fold when compared to the pre-FWS period, and year-round forage for about 700 sheep has been provided since 1991. The ARG is a logical alternative to building large dams in Iran; 420,000 km2 of coarse-grained alluvium provides capacity to store 5,000 km3 of water, representing more than ten times the annual precipitation of the whole country. As the equivalent cost for building dams to accommodate that volume is estimated at US$12.5 × 1012, the potential value of the alluvium may be realized. ARG on the recharge areas of 33,000 of the desiccated qanats eventually could rejuvenate them. As agricultural commodities absorb 19 % of the monetary value of Iran’s imports, and ARG activities could supply the water to produce them, alluvium is even more valuable than oil, which provides foreign exchange. More importantly, ARG on 140,000 km2 of the alluvium could strengthen the capacity to adapt to droughts and reduce the number and impact of water-related emergency situations.