Visual Attention to Threat-Related Faces and Delusion-Proneness: An Eye Tracking Study Using Dynamic Stimuli

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• 作者：Tobias E. Hillmann ; Jürgen Kempkensteffen…
• 关键词：Schizophrenia ; Selective attention ; Threat ; related stimuli ; Dynamic stimuli ; Visual scanpath
• 刊名：Cognitive Therapy and Research
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：39
• 期：6
• 页码：808-815
• 全文大小：509 KB
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• 作者单位：Tobias E. Hillmann (1)
  Jürgen Kempkensteffen (1)
  Tania M. Lincoln (1)
  
  1. Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
  
• 刊物类别：Behavioral Science
• 刊物主题：Psychology
  Clinical Psychology
  Cognitive Psychology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2819

文摘

Visual attention to threat-related facial expressions possibly contributes to delusion formation and maintenance and may serve as a vulnerability marker. The aim of the present study was to examine visual attention to threat-related facial expressions using dynamic stimuli in people with differing levels of delusion-proneness. We expected that threat-relevant facial expressions would attract more foveal attention compared to neutral faces. Additionally, we hypothesized that more delusion-prone individuals would show foveal avoidance and that this avoidance would occur particularly in the visual processing of threat-related faces. In a quasi-experimental design we categorized our sample by the paranoia checklist (PCL) into a high-PCL (n = 25) and low-PCL (n = 30) group. The participants-task was to view emotional facial expressions in validated film sequences while eye movements were measured. A mixed ANOVA for the number of fixations and equivalent non-parametric tests for fixation time were conducted. Both groups spent significantly more time viewing relevant features in threat-related faces compared to neutral faces. A significant main effect for group indicated fewer fixations in the high-PCL group compared to the low-PCL group for all faces. A significant Group × Affect interaction indicated that the number of fixations differed between the high-PCL group and the low-PCL group depending on whether the faces displayed neutral or threat-related expressions. The findings suggest that higher delusion-proneness is already associated with a deviant style of visually attending to facial expressions even in people who do not have a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. This style may thus be a vulnerability marker for psychosis. Keywords Schizophrenia Selective attention Threat-related stimuli Dynamic stimuli Visual scanpath