The Impact of Corn Residue Removal on Soil Aggregates and Particulate Organic Matter

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• 作者：Shannon L. Osborne (1)
  Jane M. F. Johnson (2)
  Virginia L. Jin (3)
  Amber L. Hammerbeck (4)
  Gary E. Varvel (3)
  Tom E. Schumacher (4)
  
• 关键词：Bioenergy ; Second generation feedstock ; Sustainable ; Renewable energy ; Soil health
• 刊名：BioEnergy Research
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：June 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：7
• 期：2
• 页码：559-567
• 全文大小：
• 参考文献：1. USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) (2010) Data and Statistics. Washington, D.C. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject. Accessed 15 March 2011
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• 作者单位：Shannon L. Osborne (1)
  Jane M. F. Johnson (2)
  Virginia L. Jin (3)
  Amber L. Hammerbeck (4)
  Gary E. Varvel (3)
  Tom E. Schumacher (4)
  
  1. USDA—Agricultural Research Service—North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA
  2. USDA—Agricultural Research Service—North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN, 56267, USA
  3. USDA—Agricultural Research Service—Agroecosystems Management Research Unit, 117 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
  4. Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
  
• ISSN：1939-1242

文摘

Removal of corn (Zea mays L.) stover as a biofuel feedstock is being considered. It is important to understand the implications of this practice when establishing removal guidelines to ensure the long-term sustainability of both the biofuel industry and soil health. Aboveground and belowground plant residues are the soil’s main sources of organic materials that bind soil particles together into aggregates and increase soil carbon (C) storage. Serving to stabilize soil particles, soil organic matter (SOM) assists in supplying plant available nutrients, increases water holding capacity, and helps reduce soil erosion. Data obtained from three Corn Stover Regional Partnership sites (Brookings, SD; Morris, MN; and Ithaca, NE) were utilized to evaluate the impact of removing corn stover on soil physical properties, including dry aggregate size distribution (DASD), erodible fraction (EF), and SOM components. Each site consisted of a combination of three residue removal rates (low—removal of grain only, intermediate—approximately 50?% residue removal, and high—maximum amount of residue removal). Results showed that the distribution of soil aggregates was less favorable for all three locations when residue was removed without the addition of other sources of organic matter such as cover crops. Additionally, we found that when residue was removed and the soil surface was less protected, there was an increase in the EF at all three research sites. There was a reduction in the EF for both the Brookings, SD, and Ithaca, NE sites when cover crops were incorporated or additional nitrogen (N) was added to the system. Amounts of SOM, fine particulate organic matter (fPOM), and total particulate organic matter (tPOM) consistently decreased as greater amounts of residue were removed from the soil surface. Across these three locations, the removal of crop residue from the soil surface had a negative impact on measured soil physical properties. The addition of a cover crop or additional N helped reduce this impact as measured through aggregate size distribution and EF and SOM components.