Need of surveillance response systems to combat Ebola outbreaks and other emerging infectious diseases in African countries

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• 作者：Ernest Tambo (1) (2) (5)
  Emmanuel Chidiebere Ugwu (3) (5)
  Jeane Yonkeu Ngogang (4)
  
  1. Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience ; Wits 21st Century Institute ; Faculty of Health Sciences ; University of the Witwatersrand ; Johannesburg ; South Africa
  2. Center for Sustainable Malaria Control ; Department of Biochemistry ; Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences ; University of Pretoria ; Pretoria ; South Africa
  5. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases ; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention ; and the WHO Collaborating Centre on Malaria ; Schisostomiasis and Filariasis ; Shanghai ; 200025 ; PR China
  3. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences ; Department of Human Biochemistry ; Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka ; Nnewi Campus ; Nigeria
  4. Facult茅 des Sciences Biom茅dicales ; D茅partement de Biochimie ; Universit茅 de Yaound茅 ; Yaound茅 ; R茅publique du Cameroun
  
• 关键词：Surveillance response system ; Ebola ; Outbreak ; Emerging infectious diseases ; Africa
• 刊名：Infectious Diseases of Poverty
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：December 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：3
• 期：1
• 全文大小：1,244 KB
• 参考文献：Ebola virus disease, West Africa-update (31st July). Disease Outbreak News.
  Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa update(7th May 2014).Disease Outbreak News.
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  2. Tambo, E, Lin, A, Xia, Z, Jun-Hu, C, Wei, H, Robert, B, Jia-Gang, G, J眉rg, U, Marcel, T, Xiao-Nong, Z (2014) Surveillance-response systems: the key to elimination of tropical diseases. Infect Dis Poverty 3: pp. 17 49-9957-3-17" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRef
  3. Zhang, H, Lai, S, Wang, L, Zhao, D, Zhou, D, Lan, Y, Buckeridge, DL, Li, Z, Yang, W (2013) Improving the performance of outbreak detection algorithms by classifying the levels of disease incidence. PLoS One 8: pp. e71803 CrossRef
  4. Zhou, XN (2012) Prioritizing research for 鈥淥ne health - One world鈥? Infect Dis Poverty 1: pp. 1 49-9957-1-1" target="_blank" title="It opens in new window">CrossRef
  
• 刊物主题：Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine;
• 出版者：BioMed Central
• ISSN：2049-9957

文摘

There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and the public health burden that it ensues. Since 1976, there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2,512 cases and 932 fatality in West Africa. There are certain requirements that must be met when responding to EVD outbreaks and this process could incur certain challenges. For the purposes of this paper, five have been identified: (i) the deficiency in the development and implementation of surveillance response systems against Ebola and others infectious disease outbreaks in Africa; (ii) the lack of education and knowledge resulting in an EVD outbreak triggering panic, anxiety, psychosocial trauma, isolation and dignity impounding, stigmatisation, community ostracism and resistance to associated socio-ecological and public health consequences; (iii) limited financial resources, human technical capacity and weak community and national health system operational plans for prevention and control responses, practices and management; (iv) inadequate leadership and coordination; and (v) the lack of development of new strategies, tools and approaches, such as improved diagnostics and novel therapies including vaccines which can assist in preventing, controlling and containing Ebola outbreaks as well as the spread of the disease. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop and implement an active early warning alert and surveillance response system for outbreak response and control of emerging infectious diseases. Understanding the unending risks of transmission dynamics and resurgence is essential in implementing rapid effective response interventions tailored to specific local settings and contexts. Therefore, the following actions are recommended: (i) national and regional inter-sectorial and trans-disciplinary surveillance response systems that include early warnings, as well as critical human resources development, must be quickly adopted by allied ministries and organisations in African countries in epidemic and pandemic responses; (ii) harnessing all stakeholders commitment and advocacy in sustained funding, collaboration, communication and networking including community participation to enhance a coordinated responses, as well as tracking and prompt case management to combat challenges; (iii) more research and development in new drug discovery and vaccines; and (iv) understanding the involvement of global health to promote the establishment of public health surveillance response systems with functions of early warning, as well as monitoring and evaluation in upholding research-action programmes and innovative interventions.