Methods to conduct and analyse weed surveys in arable farming: a review
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Kristin Hanzlik ; Bärbel Gerowitt
- 关键词：Arable weed vegetation ; Abundance ; Cover ; Diversity ; Sampling ; Multivariate statistics ; Europe ; Monitoring ; Mapping
- 刊名：Agronomy for Sustainable Development
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：March 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：36
- 期：1
- 全文大小：2,126 KB
- 参考文献：Aavik T, Augenstein I, Bailey D, Herzog F, Zobel M, Liira J (2008) What is the role of local landscape structure in the vegetation composition of field boundaries? Appl Veg Sci 11:375–386. doi:10.3170/2008-7-18486 CrossRef
Andersson T, Milberg P (1998) Weed flora and the relative importance of site, crop, crop rotation and nitrogen. Weed Sci 46:30–38
Andreasen C, Skovgaard I (2009) Crop and soil factors of importance for the distribution of plant species on arable fields in Denmark. Agric Ecosyst Environ 133:61–67. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.003 CrossRef
Andreasen C, Stryhn H (2008) Increasing weed flora in Danish arable fields and its importance for biodiversity. Weed Res 48:1–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00603.x CrossRef
Andreasen C, Streibig J, Haas H (1991) Soil properties affecting the distribution of 37 weed species in Danish fields. Weed Res 31:181–187CrossRef
Andreasen C, Stryhn H, Streibig C (1996) Decline of the flora in Danish arable fields. J Appl Ecol 33:619–626CrossRef
Andújar D, Ribeiro A, Carmona R, Fernández-Quintanilla C, Dorado J (2010) An assessment of the accuracy and consistency of human perception of weed cover. Weed Res 50:638–647. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00809.x CrossRef
Baessler C, Klotz S (2006) Effects of changes in agricultural land-use on landscape structure and arable weed vegetation over the last 50 years. Agric Ecosyst Environ 115:43–50. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2005.12.007 CrossRef
Barnet DT, Stohlgren TJ, Jarnevich CS, Chong GW, Ericson JA, Davern TR, Simonson SE (2007) The art and science of weed mapping. Environ Monit Assess 132:235–252. doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9530-0 CrossRef
Barralis G (1976) Méthode d’étude des groupements adventices des cultures annuelles. In: Proc 5éme Coll Int sur l′Ecologie et la Biologie des Mauvaises Herbes INRA 59–68
Borcard D, Legendre P, Drapeau P (1992) Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology 73:1045–1055CrossRef
Braun-Blanquet J (1964) Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. Springer, WienCrossRef
Chancellor R (1977) A preliminary survey of arable weeds in Britain. Weed Res 17:283–287CrossRef
Chancellor R, Froud-Williams R (1984) A second survey of cereal weeds in central southern England. Weed Res 24:29–36CrossRef
Cimalová Š, Lososová Z (2009) Arable weed vegetation of the northeastern part of the Czech Republic: effects of environmental factors on species composition. Plant Ecol 203:45–57. doi:10.1007/s11258-008-9503-1 CrossRef
Cousens RD, Dale MRT, Taylor J, Law R, Moerkerk M, Kembel SW (2006) Causes of pattern in plant communities where environmental change is rapid and species longevity is short. J Veg Sci 17:599–614. doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2006)17[599:COPIPC]2.0.CO;2 CrossRef
Dale MRT, Thomas AG, John EA (1992) Environmental factors including management practices as correlates of weed community composition in spring seeded crops. Can J Bot 70:1931–1939CrossRef
de Cáceres M, Font X, Oliva F (2008) Assessing species diagnostic value in large data sets: a comparison between phi-coefficient and Ochiai index. J Veg Sci 19:779–788. doi:10.3170/2008-8-18446 CrossRef
De Mol F, Redwitz v C, Gerowitt B (2015) Weed species composition of maize fields in Germany is influenced by site and crop sequence. Weed Res. doi:10.1111/wre.12169 , in print, online
De’Ath G, Fabricius KE (2000) Classification and regression trees: a powerful yet simple technique for ecological data analysis. Ecology 81:3178–3192CrossRef
Derksen D (1996) Weed community ecology: tedious sampling or relevant science? A Canadian perspective. Phytoprotection 77:29–39CrossRef
Derksen D, Thomas G, Lafond G, Loeppky H, Swanton C (1993) Impact of agronomic practices on weed communities: tillage systems. Weed Sci 41:409–417
Dufrene M, Legendre P (1997) Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol Monogr 67:345–366
Ellenberg H, Weber HE, Düll R, Wirth V, Werner W, Paulißen D (1992) Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa, 2nd edn. Goltze, Göttingen
Firbank L, Ellis N, Hill M, Lockwood A, Swetnam R (1998) Mapping the distribution of weeds in Great Britain in relation to national survey data and to soil type. Weed Res 38:1–10CrossRef
Frick B, Thomas A (1992) Weed surveys in different tillage systems in southwestern Ontario field crops. Can J Plant Sci 72:1337–1347CrossRef
Fried G, Reboud X, Gasquez J, Delos M (2007) 'Biovigilance Flore', a long-term French weed survey. Proc 20ème Conf du COLUMA 2007, 315–325
Fried G, Norton LR, Reboud X (2008) Environmental and management factors determining weed species composition and diversity in France. Agric Ecosyst Environ 128:68–76. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.003 CrossRef
Fried G, Chauvel B, Reboud X (2009) A functional analysis of large-scale temporal shifts from 1970 to 2000 in weed assemblages of sunflower crops in France. J Veg Sci 20:49–58. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05284.x CrossRef
Fried G, Petit S, Reboud X (2010) A specialist-generalist classification of the arable flora and its response to changes in agricultural practices. BMC Ecol 10, 20. doi:10.1186/1472-6785-10-20 PubMedCentral PubMed CrossRef
Fukami T, Bezemer M, Mortimer S, van der Putten W (2005) Species divergence and trait convergence in experimental plant community assembly. Ecol Lett 8:1283–1290. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00829.x CrossRef
Gaba S, Chauvel B, Dessaint F, Bretagnolle V, Petit S (2010) Weed species richness in winter wheat increases with landscape heterogeneity. Agric Ecosyst Environ 138:318–323. doi:10.1007/s13593-013-0166-5 CrossRef
Gabriel D, Roschewitz I, Tscharntke T, Thies C (2006) Beta diversity at different spatial scales: plant communities in organic and conventional agriculture. Ecol Appl 16:2011–2021. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2011:BDADSS]2.0.CO;2 PubMed CrossRef
Glemnitz M, Czimber G, Radicz L, Hoffmann J (2000) Weed flora composition along a north–south climate gradient in Europe. Acta Agronomica Ovariensis 42:155–169
Goerke K, Schönhammer A, Schulte M, Gerowitt B (2007) Weeds in oilseed rape in Germany—status and assessment of changes. In: Proc 14th EWRS Symp (ed. E Floistad), European Weed Research Society: 198
Goerke K, Richter U, Schulte M, Gerowitt B (2008) Regionale Unterschiede in der Rapsunkrautflora Deutschlands (Regional distinctions in the weed flora of winter oilseed rape in Germany). Ges Pfl 60:151–158. doi:10.1007/s10343-008-0193-3 CrossRef
Gower J (1971) A general coefficient of similarity and some of its properties. Biometrics 27:857–871CrossRef
Gunton RM, Petit S, Gaba S (2011) Functional traits relating arable weed communities to crop characteristics. J Appl Veg Sci 22:541–550. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01273.x CrossRef
Hallgren E (1996) Occurrence of broad-leaved weeds on different soils in different crops in Sweden. Swed J Agric Res 26:115–123
Hallgren E, Palmer M, Milberg P (1999) Data diving with cross-validation: an investigation of broad-scale gradients in Swedish weed communities. J Ecol 87:1037–1051CrossRef
Hanzlik K, Gerowitt B (2011) The importance of climate, site and management on weed vegetation in oilseed rape in Germany. Agric Ecosyst Environ 141:323–331. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.03.010 CrossRef
Hanzlik K, Gerowitt B (2012) Occurrence and distribution of important weed species in Germany in winter oilseed rape. J Plant Dis Prot 119:107–120
Hawes C, Squire G, Hallett P, Watson C, Young M (2010) Arable plant communities as indicators of farming practice. Agric Ecosyst Environ 138:17–26. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.03.010 CrossRef
Hayek LC, Buzas MA (1997) Surveying natural populations. Columbia University Press, New York
Henderson PA (2003) Practical methods in ecology. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford
Hermy M (1988) Accuracy of visual cover assessments in predicting standing crop and environmental correlation in deciduous forests. Vegetatio 75:57–64CrossRef
Hidalgo B, Saavedra M, Garcia-Torres L (1990) Weed flora of dryland crops in the Córdoba region (Spain). Weed Res 30:309–318CrossRef
Hill M, Gauch H (1980) Detrended correspondence analysis, an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio 42:47–58CrossRef
Holzner W, Immonen R (1982) The agrestal weed flora and vegetation of the world. In: Holzner W, Numata N (eds) Biology and ecology of weeds. Dr. W. Junk Publisher, The Hagues, pp 203–226CrossRef
Hüppe J, Hofmeister H (1990) Syntaxonomische Fassung und Übersicht über die Ackerunkrautgesellschaften der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Ber Reinhard-Tüxen-Ges 2:61–81
Hyvönen T, Ketoja E, Salonen J, Jalli H, Tiainen J (2003) Weed species diversity and community composition in organic and conventional cropping of spring cereals. Agric Ecosyst Environ 97:131–149. doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00117-8 CrossRef
Kapeluszny J, Haliniarz M (2007) Expanding segetal weed species in central-east Poland. In: Proc 14th EWRS Symp (ed. E Floistad) European Weed Res Society, 214
Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ (1990) Finding groups in data. Wiley, New YorkCrossRef
Kenkel N, Derksen D, Thomas A, Watson P (2002) Review: multivariate analysis in weed science research. Weed Sci 50:281–292. doi:10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0281:RMAIWS]2.0.CO;2 CrossRef
Kolářová M, Tyšer L, Soukup J (2013) Impact of site conditions and farming practices on the occurrence of rare and endangered weeds on arable land in the Czech Republic. Weed Res 53:489–498. doi:10.1111/wre.12045 CrossRef
Kuzniewski E (1975) Ackerunkrautgesellschaften des südwestlichen Polen und die Auswertung ihrer Untersuchung für die Landwirtschaft. Vegetatio 30:55–60CrossRef
Leeson J, Sheard J, Thomas A (1999) Multivariate classification of farming systems for use in integrated pest management studies. Can J Plant Sci 79:647–654CrossRef
Leeson J, Sheard J, Thomas A (2000) Weed communities associated with arable Saskatchewan farm management systems. Can J Plant Sci 80:177–185CrossRef
Legendre P, Legendre L (2008) Numerical ecology. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Lepš J, Smilauer P (2003) Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef
Londo G (1976) The decimal scale for releves of permanent quadrats. Vegetatio 33:61–64CrossRef
Lososová Z, Cimalová Š (2009) Effects of different cultivation types on native and alien weed species richness and diversity in Moravia (Czech Republic). J Basic Appl Ecol 10:456–465. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2008.11.001 CrossRef
Lososová Z, Chytrý M, Cimalová Š, Kropác Z, Otýpková Z, Pyšek P, Tichý L (2004) Weed vegetation of arable land in Central Europe: gradients of diversity and species composition. J Veg Sci 15:415–422CrossRef
Lososová Z, Chytrý M, Cimalová Š, Otýpková Z, Pyšek P, Tichý L (2006a) Classification of weed vegetation of arable land in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Folia Geobotanica 41:259–273CrossRef
Lososová Z, Chytrý M, Kühn I, Hájek O, Horáková V, Pyšek P, Tichý P, Tichý L (2006b) Patterns of plant traits in annual vegetation of man-made habitats in central Europe. Persp Plant Ecol Evol Systemat 8:69–81. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2006.07.001 CrossRef
Lososová Z, Chytrý M, Kühn I (2008) Plant attributes determining the regional abundance of weeds on central European arable land. J Biogeogr 35:177–187. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01778.x
Lutman P, Storkey J, Martin H, Holland J (2009) Abundance of weeds in arable fields in southern England in 2007/08. Asp Appl Biol 91:1–6
Magurran AE (2004) Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Science, Malden
Májeková J, Zaliberová M, Šibík J, Klimová K (2010) Changes in segetal vegetation in the Borská nížina Lowland (Slovakia) over 50 years. Biologia 65:465–478CrossRef
Marshall E, Arnold G (1995) Factors affecting field weed and field margin flora on a farm in Essex, UK. Landsc Urban Plan 31:205–216CrossRef
McCloskey M, Firbank LG, Watkinson LG, Watkinson AR, Webb DJ (1996) The dynamics of experimental arable weed communities under different management practices. J Veg Sci 7:799–808CrossRef
McCune B, Grace J (2002) Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software Design, Glenden Beach
Médiène S, Valantin-Morison M, Sarthou J-P, de Tourdonnet S, Gosme M, Bertrand M, Roger-Estrade J, Aubertot J-N, Rusch A, Motisi N, Pelosi C, Doré T (2011) Agroecoystem management and biotic interactions: a review. Agron Sustain Dev 31:491–514. doi:10.1007/s13593-011-0009-1 CrossRef
Mehrtens J, Schulte M, Hurle K (2005) Unkrautflora in Mais - Ergebnisse eines Monitorings in Deutschland. Ges Pfl 57:206–218CrossRef
Meyer S, Wesche K, Krause B, Leuschner C (2013) Dramatic losses of specialist arable plants in Central Germany since the 1950s/60s—a cross-regional analysis. Divers Distrib 19:1175–1187. doi:10.1111/ddi.12102 CrossRef
Milberg P, Hallgren E, Palmer MW (2001) Timing of disturbance and vegetation development: how sowing date affects the weed flora in spring sown crops. J Veg Sci 12:93–98CrossRef
Miloanova S, Boneva P, Grigorova P, Valkova M (2007) Weed survey in central north Bulgaria. In: Proc 14th EWRS Symp (ed. E Floistad) European Weed Research Society:217
Mueller-Dombois D, Ellenberg H (1974) Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. Wiley, New York
Mulugeta D, Stoltenberg DE, Boerboom CM (2001) Weed species-area relationships as influenced by tillage. Weed Sci 49:217–223CrossRef
Murphy C, Lemerle D (2006) Continuous cropping systems and weed selection. Euphytica 148:61–73. doi:10.1007/s10681-006-5941-9 CrossRef
Novák R, Dancza I, Szentey L, Karamán J (2009) Arable weeds of Hungary—fifth national weed survey (2007–2008) (ed. R Novák), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Budapest (Hungary)
Onofri A, Carbonelle E, Piepho H, Mortimer A, Cousens RD (2010) Current statistical issues in weed research. Weed Res 50:5–24. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00758.x CrossRef
Peres-Neto P, Legendre P, Dray S, Borcard D (2006) Variation partitioning of species data matrices: estimation and comparison of fractions. Ecology 87:2614–2625. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2614:VPOSDM]2.0.CO;2 PubMed CrossRef
Peters K, Breitsameter L, Gerowitt B (2014) Impact of climate change on weeds in agriculture—a review. Agron Sustain Dev 34:707–721. doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0245-2 CrossRef
Petit S, Boursault A, Le Guilloux M, Munier-Jolain N, Reboud X (2011) Weeds in agricultural landscapes. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 31:309–317. doi:10.1051/agro/2010020 CrossRef
Petit S, Alignier A, Colbach N, Joannon A, Thenail C (2013) Weed dispersal by farming activities across spatial scales. Agron Sustain Dev 33:205–217. doi:10.1007/s13593-012-0095-8 CrossRef
Pinke G, Pál R (2008) Phytosociological and conservational study of the arable weed communities in western Hungary. Plant Biosystems 142:491–508. doi:10.1080/11263500802410843 CrossRef
Pinke G, Pál R, Botta-Dukát Z, Chytrý M (2009) Weed vegetation and its conservation value in three management systems of Hungarian winter cereals on base-rich soils. Weed Res 49:544–551. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00730.x CrossRef
Pinke G, Pál R, Botta-Dukát Z (2010) Effects of environmental factors on weed species composition of cereal and stubble fields in western Hungary. Cent Eur J Biol 5:283–292. doi:10.2478/s11535-009-0079-0
Pinke G, Pál R, Tòth K, Karácsony P, Czúcz B, Botta-Dukát Z (2011) Weed vegetation of poppy (Papaver somniferum) fields in Hungary: effects of management and environmental factors on species composition. Weed Res 51:621–630. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00885.x CrossRef
Pinke G, Karácsony P, Czúcz B, Botta-Dukát Z, Lengyel A (2012) The influence of environment, management and site context on species composition of summer arable weed vegetation in Hungary. Appl Veg Sci 15:136–144. doi:10.1111/j.1654-109X.2011.01158.x CrossRef
Poggio S, Satorre E, de la Fuente EB (2004) Structure of weed communities occurring in pea and wheat crops in the Rolling Pampa (Argentina). Agric Ecosyst Environ 103:225–235. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2003.09.015 CrossRef
Poggio S, Chaneton EJ, Ghersa CM (2013) The arable plant diversity of intensively managed farmland: effects of field position and crop type at local and landscape scales. Agric Ecosyst Environ 165:55–64. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2012.01.013 CrossRef
Pollard KS, van der Laan MJ (2005) Cluster analysis of genomic data. In: Gentleman R, Carey V, Huber W, Irizarry R, Dudoit S (eds) Bioinformatics and computational biology solutions using R and bioconductor, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 209–229CrossRef
Pollnac FW, Maxwell B, Menalled FD (2009) Using species-area curves to examine weed communities in organic and conventional spring wheat systems. Weed Sci 57:241–247. doi:10.1614/WS-08-159.1 CrossRef
Potts G, Ewald J, Aebischer N (2010) Long-term changes in the flora of the cereal ecosystem on the Sussex Downs, England, focusing on the years 1968–2005. J Appl Ecol 47:215–226. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01742.x CrossRef
Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Kropáč Z, Chytrý M, Wild J, Tichý L (2005) Effects of abiotic factors on species richness and cover in Central European weed communities. Agric Ecosyst Environ 109:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.018 CrossRef
Qiang S (2005) Multivariate analysis, description, and ecological interpretation of weed vegetation in the summer crop fields of Anhui Province, China. J Integr Plant Biol 47:1193–1210. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00131.x CrossRef
Raunkiaer C (1934) The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Clarendon, Oxford
Richner N, Holderegger R, Linders HP, Walter T (2015) Reviewing change in the arable flora of Europe: a meta-analysis. Weed Res 55:1–13. doi:10.1111/wre.12123 CrossRef
Rosenzweig M (1995) Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef
Saaverda M, Garcia-Torres L, Hernandez-Bermejo E, Hildalgo B (1990) Influence of environmental factors on the weed flora in crops in the Guadalquivir Valley. Weed Res 30:363–374CrossRef
Salonen J (1993) Weed infestation and factors affecting weed incidence in spring cereals in Finland—a multivariate approach. Agric Sci Finl 2:525–536
Salonen J, Hyvönen T, Jalli H (2001) Weeds in spring cereal fields in Finland—a third survey. Agric Food Sci Finland 10:347–364
Schweiger O, Maelfait J, van Windgerden W, Hendrickx F, Billeter R, Speelmans M, Augenstein I, Aukema B, Aviron S, Bailey D, Bukacek R, Burel F, Diekötter T, Dirksen J, Frenzel M, Herzog F, Liira J, Roubalova M, Bugter R (2005) Quantifying the impact of environmental factors on arthropod communities in agricultural landscapes across organizational levels and spatial scales. J Appl Ecol 42:1129–1139. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01085.x CrossRef
Šilc U (2008) Diversity of weed vegetation on arable land in Slovenia. J Plant Dis Prot XXI:351–356, Special Issue
Šilc U, Vrbnicanin S, Bozic D, Carni A, Daji C, Stevanovic (2008) Phytosociological alliances in the vegetation of arable fields in the northwestern Balkan Peninsula. Phytocoenologia 38:241–254. doi:10.1127/0340-269X/2008/0038-0241 CrossRef
Šilc U, Vrbnicanin S, Bozic D, Carni A, Stevanovic Z (2009) Weed vegetation in the north-western Balkans: diversity and species composition. Weed Res 49:602–612. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00726.x CrossRef
Storkey J, Moss S, Cussans J (2010) Using assembly theory to explain changes in a weed flora in response to agricultural intensification. Weed Sci 58:39–46. doi:10.1614/WS-09-096.1 CrossRef
Sutcliffe O, Kay Q (2000) Changes in the arable flora of central southern England since the 1960s. Biol Conserv 93:1–8. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00119-6 CrossRef
Sykes JM, Horrill AD, Mountford MD (1983) Use of visual cover assessments as quantitative estimators of some British woodland taxa. J Ecol 71:437–450CrossRef
Tamado T, Milberg P (2000) Weed flora in arable fields of eastern Ethiopia with emphasis on the occurrence of Parthenium hysterophorus. Weed Res 40:507–521. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3180.2000.00208.x CrossRef
Ter Braak C (1987) The analysis of vegetation-environment relationships by canonical correspondence analysis. Vegetatio 69:69–77CrossRef
Thomas A (1985) Weed survey system used in Saskatchewan for cereal and oilseed crops. Weed Sci 33:34–43
van der Laan M, Pollard K, Bryan J (2003) A new partitioning around medoids algorithm. J StatComput Simul 73:575–584CrossRef
Westhoff V, van der Maarel E (1978) The Braun-Blanquet approach. In: Whittaker RH (ed) Classification of plant communities, 2nd edn. Junk, The Hague, p 287–297
Whittaker R (1972) Evolution and measurement of species diversity. Taxon 21:213–251CrossRef - 作者单位：Kristin Hanzlik (1) (2)
Bärbel Gerowitt (1)
1. Group Crop Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Satower Str. 48, 18051, Rostock, Germany
2. BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 64, 67117, Limburgerhof, Germany - 刊物主题：Agriculture; Soil Science & Conservation; Sustainable Development;
- 出版者：Springer Paris
- ISSN：1773-0155
文摘
Arable weeds always accompany arable farming; however, species and abundances vary in space and change in time. Surveys assess weeds on a large spatial scale. The regional and national importance, the abundances in which weeds occur, is derived from surveys. Environmental and management background data assist to explain the weed vegetation. Arable weed surveys can have an agronomic, a botanical or an ecological purpose—we approach the agronomic viewpoint. Scientific value results from spatial data about the arable weed vegetation for modelling the dependencies and predicting future changes on a large scale. Researchers, botanists, farmers, advisors, herbicide manufacturers and other industry players engaged in weed control can get rationale spatial impressions of trends in the weed vegetation. This review focuses on methodical aspects of weed surveys. Forty-three surveys on farmed fields, mainly but not exclusively undertaken in Europe, done in up to nine crops per survey covering periods of 1 to 67 years and including 59 to 4423 fields were excerpted for suitable methods to conduct and analyse surveys. The methods reflect agronomic and other targets, e.g. from vegetation science. When accessing existing data, the interdependencies of the layout and all targets should be handled with care. When setting up surveys for agronomic purpose, it is worthwhile to include 3 years and apply stratified sampling. We recommend assessing abundances rather than presence only. Weed survey data is most suitable for applying multivariate statistics. We recommend using proven methods, without discouraging to explore others. To collect sound explanatory data demands for robust contacts with land managers. Explanatory variables are important in survey analyses to extract knowledge about the drivers of the weed vegetation. We conclude that extra value can be obtained from existing weed survey data. We propose to setup public–private partnerships as a way to carry on with arable weed surveys. Keywords Arable weed vegetation Abundance Cover Diversity Sampling Multivariate statistics Europe Monitoring Mapping