Visual similarity effects on masked priming

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Sachiko Kinoshita (1)
  Serje Robidoux (1)
  Luke Mills (2)
  Dennis Norris (3)
  
• 关键词：Word recognition ; Lexical processing ; Repetition priming
• 刊名：Memory & Cognition
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：July 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：42
• 期：5
• 页码：821-833
• 全文大小：
• 参考文献：1. Baayen, R. H. (2008). / Analyzing linguistic data: A practical introduction to statistics using R. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. CrossRef
  2. Baayen, R. H. (2011). LanguageR: Data sets and functions with 鈥淎nalyzing linguistic data: A practical introduction to statistics.鈥?(Version 1.4). Retrieved from the CRAN archive: http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/languageR/
  3. Balota, D. A., Cortese, M. J., Hutchison, K. A., Neely, J. H., Nelson, D., Simpson, G. B., & Treiman, R. (2007). The English Lexicon Project: A web-based repository of descriptive and behavioral measures for 40,481 English words and nonwords. Retrieved from http://elexicon.wustl.edu/
  4. Bates, D., Maechler, M., & Bolker, B. (2013). lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes [Software] (R package version 0.999999-2). Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/package=lme4
  5. Bowers, J. S., Vigliocco, G., & Haan, R. (1998). Orthographic, phonological, and articulatory contributions to masked letter and word priming. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1705鈥?719. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.24.6.1705
  6. Brysbaert, M., & New, B. (2009). Moving beyond Ku膷era and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English. / Behavior Research Methods, 41, 977鈥?90. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.977 CrossRef
  7. Carreiras, M., Dunabeitia, J. A., & Perea, M. (2007). READING WORDS, NUMB3R5 and $YM脽OLS. / Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 454鈥?55. CrossRef
  8. Coltheart, M., Davelaar, E., Jonasson, J. T., & Besner, D. (1977). Access to the internal lexicon. In S. Dornic (Ed.), / Attention and performance VI (pp. 535鈥?55). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  9. Coltheart, M., Rastle, K., Perry, C., Langdon, R., & Ziegler, J. (2001). DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. / Psychological Review, 108, 204鈥?56. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.1.204 CrossRef
  10. Davis, C. J. (2010). The spatial coding model of visual word identification. / Psychological Review, 117, 713鈥?58. doi:10.1037/a0019738 CrossRef
  11. Dehaene, S., & Cohen, L. (2011). The unique role of the visual word form area in reading. / Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 254鈥?62. CrossRef
  12. Dehaene, S., Jobert, A., Naccache, L., Ciuciu, P., Poline, J. B., Le Bihan, D., & Cohen, L. (2004). Letter binding and invariant recognition of masked words: Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence. / Psychological Science, 15, 307鈥?13. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00674.x CrossRef
  13. Dejerine, J. (1892). Contribution 脿 l鈥櫭﹖ude anatomo-pathologique et clinique des diff茅rentes vari茅t茅s de c茅cit茅 verbale. / Comptes Rendus des S茅ances et M茅moires de la Soci茅t茅 de Biologie, 4, 61鈥?0.
  14. Forster, K. I., & Davis, C. (1984). Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 680鈥?98. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.10.4.680
  15. Forster, K. I., Davis, C., Schoknecht, C., & Carter, R. (1987). Masked priming with graphemically related forms: Repetition or partial activation? / Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39, 211鈥?51. doi:10.1080/14640748708401785 CrossRef
  16. Forster, K. I., & Forster, J. C. (2003). DMDX: A Windows display program with millisecond accuracy. / Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35, 116鈥?24. doi:10.3758/BF03195503 CrossRef
  17. Grainger, J., & Jacobs, A. M. (1996). Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model. / Psychological Review, 103, 518鈥?65. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.518 CrossRef
  18. Grainger, J., & Van Heuven, W. J. B. (2004). Modeling letter position coding in printed word perception. In P. Bonin (Ed.), / Mental lexicon: Some words to talk about words (pp. 1鈥?3). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
  19. Jaeger, T. F. (2008). Categorical data analysis: Away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. / Journal of Memory and Language, 59, 434鈥?46. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.007 CrossRef
  20. Kinoshita, S., & Kaplan, L. (2008). Priming of abstract letter identities in the letter match task. / Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 1873鈥?885. doi:10.1080/17470210701781114 CrossRef
  21. Kinoshita, S., & Lagoutaris, S. (2010). Priming by NUMB3R5 does not involve top-down feedback. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 1422鈥?440. doi:10.1037/a0020609
  22. Kinoshita, S., & Norris, D. (2011). Does the familiarity bias hypothesis explain why there is masked priming for 鈥淣O鈥?decisions? / Memory & Cognition, 39, 319鈥?34. doi:10.3758/s13421-010-0021-8 CrossRef
  23. Ku膷era, H., & Francis, W. N. (1967). / Computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
  24. Massol, S., Du帽abeitia, J. A., Carreiras, M., & Grainger, J. (2013). Evidence for letter-specific position coding mechanisms. / PLoS ONE, 8, e68460. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068460 CrossRef
  25. McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. / Psychological Review, 88, 375鈥?07. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.88.5.375 CrossRef
  26. Mueller, S. T., & Weidemann, C. T. (2012). Alphabetic letter identification: Effects of perceivability, similarity, and bias. / Acta Psychologica, 139, 19鈥?7. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.09.014 CrossRef
  27. Norris, D. (2006). The Bayesian Reader: Explaining word recognition as an optimal Bayesian decision process. / Psychological Review, 113, 327鈥?57. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.113.2.327 CrossRef
  28. Norris, D., & Kinoshita, S. (2008). Perception as evidence accumulation and Bayesian inference: Insights from masked priming. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, 434鈥?55. doi:10.1037/a0012799 CrossRef
  29. Norris, D., & Kinoshita, S. (2012). Reading through a noisy channel: Why there鈥檚 nothing special about the perception of orthography. / Psychological Review, 119, 517鈥?45. doi:10.1037/a0028450 CrossRef
  30. Norris, D., Kinoshita, S., & van Casteren, M. (2010). A stimulus sampling theory of letter identity and order. / Journal of Memory and Language, 62, 254鈥?71. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2009.11.002 CrossRef
  31. Perea, M., Abu Mallouh, R., & Carreiras, M. (2013). Early access to abstract representations in developing readers: Evidence from masked priming. / Developmental Science, 16, 564鈥?73. doi:10.1111/desc.12052 CrossRef
  32. Perea, M., Du帽abeitia, J. A., & Carreiras, M. (2008). R34D1NG W0RD5 W1TH NUMB3R5. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 237鈥?41. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.34.1.237
  33. Perea, M., Du帽abeitia, J. A., Pollatsek, A., & Carreiras, M. (2009). Does the brain regularize digits and letters to the same extent? / Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 1881鈥?888. CrossRef
  34. Perea, M., & Panadero, V. (2013). Does / viotin activate / violin more than / viocin? On the use of visual cues during visual-word recognition. / Experimental Psychology. doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000223
  35. Price, C., & Devlin, J. T. (2003). The myth of the visual word form area. / NeuroImage, 19, 473鈥?81. CrossRef
  36. R Development Core Team. (2013). / R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from www.R-project.org
  37. Vogel, A. C., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2012). The left occipitoteporal cortex does not show preferential activity for words. / Cerebral Cortex, 22, 2715鈥?732. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr295 CrossRef
  38. Vogel, E. K., Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J. (2001). Storage of features, conjunction, and objects in visual working memory. / Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 92鈥?14. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.27.1.92
  39. Wang, X., Yang, J., Shu, H., & Zevin, J. D. (2011). Left fusiform BOLD responses are inversely related to word-likeness in a one-back task. / NeuroImage, 55, 1346鈥?356. CrossRef
  40. Whitney, C. (2001). How the brain encodes the order of letters in a printed word: The SERIOL model and selective literature review. / Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 221鈥?43. doi:10.3758/BF03196158 CrossRef
  41. Whitney, C. (2008). Comparison of the SERIOL and SOLAR theories of letter-position encoding. / Brain and Language, 107, 170鈥?78. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2007.08.002 CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Sachiko Kinoshita (1)
  Serje Robidoux (1)
  Luke Mills (2)
  Dennis Norris (3)
  
  1. ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (CCD), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
  2. Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  3. MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
  
• ISSN：1532-5946

文摘

We investigated the role of the visual similarity of masked primes to targets in a lexical decision experiment. In the primes, some letters in the target (e.g., A in ABANDON) had either visually similar letters (e.g., H), dissimilar letters (D), visually similar digits (4), or dissimilar digits (6) substituted for them. The similarities of the digits and letters to the base letter were equated and verified in a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) perceptual identification task. Using targets presented in lowercase (e.g., abandon) and primes presented in uppercase, visually similar digit primes (e.g., 484NDON) produced more priming than did visually dissimilar digit primes (676NDON), but little difference was found between the visually similar and dissimilar letter primes (HRHNDON vs. DWDNDON). These results were explained in terms of task-driven competition between the target letter and the visually similar letter.