The removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using two nano-structures: copper oxide and carbon tubes

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• 作者：Shahriar Mahdavi ; Davoud Akhzari
• 关键词：Nano ; copper oxide ; Carbon nanotubes ; Phosphate ; Removal
• 刊名：Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：18
• 期：3
• 页码：817-827
• 全文大小：1,434 KB
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• 作者单位：Shahriar Mahdavi (1)
  Davoud Akhzari (2)
  
  1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
  2. Department of Watershed and Rangeland Management, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
  
• 刊物类别：Engineering
• 刊物主题：Industrial and Production Engineering
  Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  Industrial Pollution Prevention
  Environmental Economics
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1618-9558

文摘

The removal of phosphate from water is vital in controlling eutrophication. Adsorption is one of the most popular technologies for removing phosphate. In this study, two types of nanoparticles (NPs), namely carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and copper oxide (CuO), were used and their phosphate removal potential was investigated. The physical and chemical properties of the two NPs were systematically studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and BET methods. The image analyses of SEM indicated that CuO NPs and CNTs were nano-structured aggregates with mean diameters of about 85.0 and 22.2 nm, respectively. The sorption kinetic data were better described by the pseudo-second-order equation indicating its chemisorption nature. The equilibrium sorption data were well fitted into the Freundlich model for CNTs but for CuO, sorption data were better fitted into Langmuir isotherm model. The phosphate sorption capacities without the presence of competing anions were 15.4 and 23.9 mg/g (PO₄ 3−-P) for CNTs and CuO, respectively. Besides, the competing anions (Cl−, NO₃ −, and humic acid) decreased the phosphate removal of CNTs and CuO. The negative values of the Gibbs’ free energy change (ΔG°) demonstrated the spontaneous nature of the sorption process in both sorbents, while the positive values of the enthalpy change (ΔH°) indicated that the sorption process was endothermic in nature. Overall, the results of this study suggest that CuO NPs and CNTs in a single solution have the potential to act as effective sorbents of phosphate under optimum conditions, respectively.