文摘
Frozen shoulder is a painful, debilitating condition with a duration that ranges from several months to several years. A significant proportion of sufferers may be left with long-term shoulder impairment. Arthroscopic surgery has improved the understanding of the macroscopic pathoanatomy, whilst further work has advanced our understanding of the genetic and molecular level pathology, driving the natural history of the disease. This review looks at the identification, diagnosis and classification of the disease. It brings together published trials and systematic reviews of current treatment options for frozen shoulder in order to help guide a pragmatic approach to managing patients with frozen shoulder and to identify areas for further research.