Determination of the height of the “meteoric explosion”

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：V. V. Shuvalov ; O. P. Popova ; V. V. Svettsov ; I. A. Trubetskaya…
• 关键词：asteroid ; comet ; asteroid ; comet hazard ; shock wave ; meteoric burst ; numerical simulation
• 刊名：Solar System Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：50
• 期：1
• 页码：1-12
• 全文大小：1,388 KB
• 参考文献：Avilova, I.V., Biberman, L.M., Vorob’ev, V.S., et al, Opticheskie svoistva goryachego vozdukha (Optical Properties of Hot Air), Moscow: Nauka, 1970.
  Brown, P.G., and 32 co-authors, A 500-kiloton airburst over Chelyabinsk and an enhanced hazard from small impactors, Nature, 2013, vol. 503, pp. 238–241.ADS
  Chyba, C.F., Thomas, P.J., and Zahnle, K.J, The 1908 Tunguska explosion–atmospheric disruption of a stony asteroid, Nature, 1993, vol. 361, pp. 40–44.CrossRef ADS
  Collins, G.S., Melosh, H.J., and Markus, R.A, Earth impact effects program: a web-based computer program for calculating the regional environmental consequences of a meteoroid impact on Earth, Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 2005, vol. 40, pp. 817–840.CrossRef ADS
  Divari, N.B, Phenomena that accompany meteorite shower and its atmospheric trajectory, in Sikhote-Alinskii zheleznyi meteoritnyi dozhd’ (Sikhote-Alin Iron Meteorite Shower), Moscow: USSR Acad. Sci., 1959, vol. 1, pp. 26–48.
  Glasstone, S. and Dolan, P.J, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, 3rd ed., Washington: United States Department of Defense and Department of Energy, 1977.
  Grigoryan, S.S, Meteorites motion and destruction in planetary atmospheres, Kosm. Issl., 1979, vol. 17, pp. 875–893.ADS
  Grigoryan, S.S., Ibodov, F.S., Ibadov, S.I, Physical mechanism of Chelyabinsk superbolide explosion, Solar Syst. Res., 2013, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 268–274.CrossRef ADS
  Hills, J.G. and Goda, M.P, The fragmentation of small asteroids in the atmosphere, Astron. J., 1993, vol. 105, pp. 1114–1144.CrossRef ADS
  Ivanov, B.A., Deniem, D., and Neukum, G, Implementation of dynamic strength models into 2D hydrocodes: applications for atmospheric break up and impact cratering, Int. J. Impact Eng., 1997, vol. 20, pp. 411–430.CrossRef
  Jeffers, S.V., Manley, S.P., Bailey, M.E., and Asher, D.J, Near-Earth object velocity distributions and consequences for the Chicxulub impactor, Mon. Notic. Roy. Astron. Soc., 2001, vol. 327, pp. 126–132.CrossRef ADS
  Jenniskens, P., Fries, M., Yin, Q., et al, Radar-enabled recovery of the Sutter’s Mill meteorite, a carbonaceous chondrite regolith breccia, Science, 2012, vol. 338, pp. 1583–1587.CrossRef ADS
  Korobeinikov, V.P., Chushkin, P.I., and Shurshalov, L.V, Combined simulation of the flight and explosion of a meteoroid in the atmosphere, Solar Syst. Res., 1991, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 242–258.ADS
  Kosarev, I.B., Loseva, N.V., and Nemchinov, I.V, Vapor optical properties and ablation of large chondrite and ice bodies in the Earth’s atmosphere, Solar Syst. Res., 1996, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 265–278.ADS
  Kosarev, I.B, The way to calculate thermodynamic and optical properties of matter vapors of space bodies entering the Earth’s atmosphere, Inzh.-Fiz. Zh., 1999, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 1067–1075.
  Kuznetsov, N.M., Termodinamicheskie funktsii i udarnye adiabaty vozdukha pri vysokikh temperaturakh (Thermodynamical Functions and Impact Adiabates for Air under High Temperatures), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1965.
  Levin, B.Yu. and Bronshten, V.A, Tunguska event and meteors with final flash, Astron. Vestn., 1985, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 319–330.ADS
  McCord, T.B., Morris, J., Persing, D., et al, Detection of a meteoroid entry into the Earth’s atmosphere on February 1, 1994, J. Geophys. Res., 1995, vol. 100, no. E2, pp. 3245–3249.CrossRef ADS
  Nemtchinov, I.V. and Popova, O.P, An analysis of the 1947 Sikhote-Alin event and a comparison with the phenomenon of February 1, 1994, Solar Syst. Res., 1997, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 408–421.ADS
  Pierazzo, E., Vickery, A.M., and Melosh, H.J., A reevaluation of impact melt production, Icarus, 1997, vol. 127, pp. 408–423.CrossRef ADS
  Popova, O.P. and Nemchinov, I.V, Meteoritic phenomena (bolides) in the Earth’s atmosphere, in Katastroficheskie vozdeistviya kosmicheskikh tel (Catastrophic Impact of Space Bodies), Adushkin, V.V. and Nemchinov, I.V., Eds., Moscow: Akademkniga, 2005, pp. 92–117.
  Popova, O, Borovika, J., Hartmann, W.K., Spurny, P., Gnos, E., Nemtchinov, I., and Trigo-Rodriguez, J.M., Very low strengths of interplanetary meteoroids and small asteroids, Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 2011, vol. 46, pp. 1525–1550.CrossRef ADS
  Popova, O.P., and 59 co-authors, Chelyabinsk airburst, damage assessment, meteorite recovery, and characterization, Science, 2013, vol. 342, pp. 1069–1073.CrossRef ADS
  Shuvalov, V.V, Multi-dimensional hydrodynamic code SOVA for interfacial flows: application to thermal layer effect, Shock Waves, 1999, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 381–390.CrossRef ADS MATH
  Shuvalov, V.V. and Artemieva, N.A, Numerical modeling of Tunguska-like impacts, Planet. Space Sci., 2002, vol. 50, pp. 181–192.CrossRef ADS
  Shuvalov, V.V. and Trubetskaya, I.A, Numerical modeling of impact induced aerial bursts, Solar Syst. Res., 2007, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 220–230.CrossRef ADS
  Shuvalov, V.V. and Trubetskaya, I.A, The influence of internal friction on the deformation of a damaged meteoroid, Sol. Syst. Res, 2010, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 104–109.CrossRef ADS
  Shuvalov, V.V., Svettsov, V.V., and Trubetskaya, I.A, An estimate for the size of the area of damage on the Earth’s surface after impacts of 10-300-m asteroids, Solar Syst. Res., 2013, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 260–267.CrossRef ADS
  Silber, E.A, Le Pichon, A., and Brown, P., Infrasonic detection of a near-Earth object 746 impact over Indonesia on 8 October, 2009, Geophys. Rev. Lett., 2011, vol. 38, p. L12201. doi: 10.1029/2011GL047633CrossRef ADS
  Svetsov, V.V., Nemtchinov, I.V., and Teterev, A.V, Disintegration of large meteoroids in Earth’s atmosphere: theoretical models, Icarus, 1995, vol. 116, pp. 131–153. Errata: Icarus, vol. 120, no. 2, p. 443.CrossRef ADS
  Svettsov, V.V, Enigmas of the Sikhote Alin crater field, Solar Syst. Res., 1998, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 67–79.ADS
  Svettsov, V.V, The way to estimate the energy of the surface waves under explosions in the atmosphere and parameters of Tunguska event, Fiz. Zemli, 2007, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 57–66.
  Tauzin, B., Debayle, E., Quantin, C., and Coltice, N, Seismoacoustic coupling induced by the breakup of the 15 February 2013 Chelyabinsk meteor, Geophys. Rev. Lett., 2013, vol. 40, no. 14, pp. 3522–3526.CrossRef ADS
  Thompson, S.L. and Lauson, H.S, Improvements in the Chart D radiation-hydrodynamic CODE III: Revised analytic equations of state, Report SC-RR-71 0714, Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Lab., 1972.
  Tillotson, J.H, Metallic equations of state for hypervelocity impact, General Atomic Report GA-3216, 1962.
  Vasil’ev, N.V., Kovalevskii, A.F., Razin, S.A., and Epiktetova, L.E, Pokazaniya ochevidtsev Tungusskogo padeniya (Original Evidences of Tunguska Event), Moscow: VINITI, 1981, no. 5350–81.
  Vasil’ev, N.V, Tungusskii meteorit. Kosmicheskii fenomen leta 1908 g (Tunguska Meteorite. Space Phenomena of Summer, 1908), Moscow: NP ID“Russkaya panorama”, 2004.
  
• 作者单位：V. V. Shuvalov (1)
  O. P. Popova (1)
  V. V. Svettsov (1)
  I. A. Trubetskaya (1)
  D. O. Glazachev (1)
  
  1. Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 38-1, Moscow, 119334, Russia
  
• 刊物类别：Physics and Astronomy
• 刊物主题：Physics
  Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
  Planetology
  Astronomy
  Astrophysics
  Russian Library of Science
  
• 出版者：MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.
• ISSN：1608-3423

文摘

When cosmic bodies of asteroidal and cometary origin, with a size from 20 to approximately 100 m, enter dense atmospheric layers, they are destroyed with a large probability under the action of aerodynamic forces and decelerated with the transfer of their energy to the air at heights from 20–30 to several kilometers. The forming shock wave reaches the Earth’s surface and can cause considerable damage at great distances from the entry path similar to the action of a high-altitude explosion. We have performed a numerical simulation of the disruption (with allowance for evaporation of fragments) and deceleration of meteoroids having the aforesaid dimensions and entering the Earth’s atmosphere at different angles and determined the height of the equivalent explosion point generating the same shock wave as the fall of a cosmic body with the given parameters. It turns out that this height does not depend on the velocity of the body and is approximately equal to the height at which this velocity is reduced by half. The obtained results were successfully approximated by a simple analytical formula allowing one to easily determine the height of an equivalent explosion depending on the dimensions of the body, its density, and angle of entry into the atmosphere. A comparison of the obtained results with well-known approximate analytical (pancake) models is presented and an application of the obtained formula to specific events, in particular, to the fall of the Chelyabinsk meteorite on February 15, 2013, and Tunguska event of 1908, is discussed. Keywords asteroid comet asteroid-comet hazard shock wave meteoric burst numerical simulation