An Experimental Investigation into the Impact of Sulfate Ions in Smart Water to Improve Oil Recovery in Carbonate Reservoirs

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Adedapo Awolayo ; Hemanta Sarma ; Ali AlSumaiti
• 关键词：Smart water ; Wettability ; Zeta potential ; Improved recovery ; Carbonate
• 刊名：Transport in Porous Media
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：111
• 期：3
• 页码：649-668
• 全文大小：1,327 KB
• 参考文献：Anderson, W.: Wettability literature survey-part 1: rock/oil/brine interactions and the effects of core handling on wettability. J. Pet. Technol. 38(10), 1125–1144 (1986)CrossRef
  Austad, T.: Understanding of the EOR potential using smart water. In: Sheng, JJ. (ed.) Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies, pp. 712. Gulf Professional Publishing: Waltham (2013)
  Austad, T., Shariatpanahi, S., Strand, S., Black, C., Webb, K.: Conditions for a low-salinity enhanced oil recovery (EOR) effect in carbonate oil reservoirs. Energy Fuels 26(1), 569–575 (2011)CrossRef
  Awolayo, A., AlSumaiti, A.M., Sarma, H.: An experimental study of smart waterflooding on fractured carbonate reservoirs. Paper presented at the ASME 2014 33rd international conference on ocean, offshore and Arctic engineering, San Francisco, USA (2014a)
  Awolayo, A.N., Sarma, H.K., Al-Sumaiti, A.M.: A laboratory study of ionic effect of smart water for enhancing oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. Paper presented at the SPE EOR conference at oil and gas west Asia, Muscat, Oman (2014b)
  Farooq, U., Tweheyo, M.T., Sjøblom, J., Øye, G.: Surface characterization of model, outcrop, and reservoir samples in low salinity aqueous solutions. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 32(4), 519–531 (2011)CrossRef
  Gupta, R., Smith Jr. P., Willingham, T., Lo Cascia, M., Shyeh, J., Harris, C.: Enhanced waterflood for middle east carbonate cores—impact of injection water composition. Paper presented at the SPE middle east oil and gas show and conference, Manama, Bahrain (2011)
  Hiorth, A., Cathles, L., Madland, M.: The impact of pore water chemistry on carbonate surface charge and oil wettability. Transp. Porous Media 85(1), 1–21 (2010)CrossRef
  Høgnesen, E., Strand, S., Austad, T.: Waterflooding of preferential oil-wet carbonates: Oil recovery related to reservoir temperature and brine composition. Paper presented at the SPE Europec/EAGE annual conference, Madrid, Spain (2005)
  Jadhunandan, P., Morrow, N.: Effect of wettability on waterflood recovery for crude-oil/brine/rock systems. SPE Reserv. Eng. 10(1), 40–46 (1995)CrossRef
  Kwak, H.T., Yousef, A.A., Al-Saleh, S.: New insights on the role of multivalent ions in water-carbonate rock interactions. Paper presented at the SPE improved oil recovery symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA (2014)
  Lager, A., Webb, K.J., Black, C., Singleton, M., Sorbie, K.: Low salinity oil recovery—an experimental investigation1. Petrophysics 49(1), 28–35 (2008)
  Lager, A., Webb, K.J., Black, C.J.J.: Impact of brine chemistry on oil recovery. Paper presented at the 14th European symposium on improved oil recovery, Cairo, Egypt (2007)
  Ligthelm, D., Gronsveld, J., Hofman, J., Brussee, N., Marcelis, F., van der Linde, H.: Novel waterflooding strategy by manipulation of injection brine composition. Paper presented at the EUROPEC/EAGE conference and exhibition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2009)
  McGuire, P., Chatham, J., Paskvan, F., Sommer, D., Carini, F.: Low salinity oil recovery: an exciting new EOR opportunity for Alaska’s north slope. Paper presented at the SPE western regional meeting, Irvine, California (2005)
  Pierre, A., Lamarche, J., Mercier, R., Foissy, A., Persello, J.: Calcium as potential determining ion in aqueous calcite suspensions. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 11(6), 611–635 (1990)CrossRef
  Puntervold, T.: Petroleum Engineering. University of Stavanger, Norway (2008)
  RezaeiDoust, A., Puntervold, T., Strand, S., Austad, T.: Smart water as wettability modifier in carbonate and sandstone: a discussion of similarities/differences in the chemical mechanisms. Energy Fuels 23(9), 4479–4485 (2009)CrossRef
  Rod, S.: Quantification of uncertainty in recovery efficiency predictions: lessons learned from 250 mature carbonate fields. Paper presented at the SPE annual technical conference and exhibition, Denver, Colorado (2003)
  Sheng, J.: Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies. Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston (2013a)
  Sheng, J.J.: Review of surfactant enhanced oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. Adv. Pet. Explor. Dev. 6(1), 1–10 (2013b)
  Strand, S., Austad, T., Puntervold, T., Høgnesen, E.J., Olsen, M., Barstad, S.M.F.: Smart water for oil recovery from fractured limestone: a preliminary study. Energy Fuels 22(5), 3126–3133 (2008)CrossRef
  Strand, S., Høgnesen, E.J., Austad, T.: Wettability alteration of carbonates—effects of potential determining ions (\(\text{ Ca }^{2+}\) and \(\text{ SO }_{4}^{2-}\) ) and temperature. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 275(1), 1–10 (2006)CrossRef
  Takamura, K., Chow, R.S.: The electric properties of the bitumen/water interface Part II. Application of the ionizable surface-group model. Colloids Surf. 15, 35–48 (1985)CrossRef
  Tang, G.Q., Morrow, N.R.: Influence of brine composition and fines migration on crude oil/brine/rock interactions and oil recovery. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 24(2), 99–111 (1999)CrossRef
  Tweheyo, M., Zhang, P., Austad, T.: The effects of temperature and potential determining ions present in seawater on oil recovery from fractured carbonates. Paper presented at the SPE/DOE symposium on improved oil recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA (2006)
  Webb, K., Black, C., Al-Ajeel, H.: Low salinity oil recovery-log-inject-log. Paper presented at the SPE/DOE symposium on improved oil recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA (2004)
  Yi, Z., Sarma, H.: Improving waterflood recovery efficiency in carbonate reservoirs through salinity variations and ionic exchanges: a promising low-cost smart-waterflood approach. Paper presented at the Abu Dhabi international petroleum conference and exhibition, Abu Dhabi, UAE (2012)
  Yousef, A., Al-Saleh, S., Al-Kaabi, A., Al-Jawfi, M.: Laboratory investigation of novel oil recovery method for carbonate reservoirs. Paper presented at the Canadian unconventional resources and international petroleum conference, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2010)
  Zahid, A., Shapiro, A., Skauge, A.: Experimental studies of low salinity water flooding in carbonate reservoirs: a new promising approach. Paper presented at the SPE EOR conference at oil and gas West Asia, Muscat, Oman (2012)
  Zhang, P., Austad, T.: Wettability and oil recovery from carbonates: effects of temperature and potential determining ions. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 279(1), 179–187 (2006)CrossRef
  Zhang, P., Tweheyo, M.T., Austad, T.: Wettability alteration and improved oil recovery in chalk: the effect of calcium in the presence of sulfate. Energy Fuels 20(5), 2056–2062 (2006)CrossRef
  Zhang, P., Tweheyo, M.T., Austad, T.: Wettability alteration and improved oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition of seawater into chalk: impact of the potential determining ions \(\text{ Ca }^{2+}\) , \(\text{ Mg }^{2+}\) , and \(\text{ SO }_{4}^{2-}\) . Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 301(1), 199–208 (2007)CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Adedapo Awolayo (1)
  Hemanta Sarma (1)
  Ali AlSumaiti (2)
  
  1. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
  2. Petroleum Engineering Department, The Petroleum Institute, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, UAE
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geotechnical Engineering
  Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  Civil Engineering
  Hydrogeology
  Mechanics, Fluids and Thermodynamics
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-1634

文摘

Carbonate reservoirs are considered to be in the range of mixed to oil wetting state. Their present wetting state seems unfavorable to recover more oil via conventional waterflooding especially as the water cut increases with huge residual oil saturation. In recent years, studies have shown that tuning the injected brine chemistry can help decrease the oil-wetness, resulting in additional oil recovery and reduction in residual oil saturation. Thus, rock wettability is being dictated by the surface chemistry associated with the water-film stability between crude oil and the rock surface. This study presents series of experiments conducted on Middle Eastern carbonate core plugs at high pressure and high temperature in order to determine the impact of sulfate ions in smart brine on oil recovery. Each experiment was initially conducted using the formation brine, and subsequently, various versions of seawater with varying sulfate concentrations were used. Coreflooding experiments showed an additional recovery of about 7–9 % oil originally in core when sulfate concentration was increased while none when decreased. Decrease in rock oil-wetness was observed to be responsible for the improved recovery as demonstrated by the contact angle analysis. Similar trend was observed with the zeta potential analysis which further proved that the magnitude of surface charge alteration contributes immensely to wettability modification toward more water-wetness.