The Multidimensionality of Racial/Ethnic Socialization: Scale Construction for the Cultural and Racial Experiences of Socialization (CARES)

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• 作者：Keisha L. Bentley-Edwards ; Howard C. Stevenson Jr.
• 关键词：Racial socialization ; Stereotyping ; Racism ; Parenting ; Scale construction
• 刊名：Journal of Child and Family Studies
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：25
• 期：1
• 页码：96-108
• 全文大小：457 KB
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• 作者单位：Keisha L. Bentley-Edwards (1)
  Howard C. Stevenson Jr. (2)
  
  1. Educational Psychology Department, University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
  2. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Behavioral Science
• 刊物主题：Psychology
  Child and School Psychology
  Social Sciences
  Sociology
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-2843

文摘

Negotiating racial politics in the United States is a rapidly transforming and dynamic matter. As a result, racial/ethnic socialization (R/ES) measurement must match this transformation to reflect the current processes utilized by Black Americans to manage racial conflict. We describe the scale construction of the Cultural and Racial Experiences of Socialization (CARES), a multidimensional assessment of R/ES based on Racial Encounter Coping Appraisal and Socialization theory. Additionally, we tested the CARES for its relation with gender and perceived racism. Utilizing a national sample of 373 Black college students, Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed the CARES to have 35 items and a 5 factor-solution. The CARES demonstrated strong overall internal consistency and its factors had moderate to strong internal consistency coefficients. The CARES factors allude to the complex role of R/ES as a social cognitive strategy for managing racial conflict. New concepts include both racism and bicultural coping strategies. We move beyond traditional concepts of cultural mistrust, which focus on a suspicion of the motives of White people, with the Racial Stereotyping factor that includes messages conveying cynical views of other Black people based on social class, gender and colorism. Gender differences in R/ES indicate that parents may perceive the consequences of racial conflict and miscues to be more dismal for their sons than their daughters. Interaction effects were found between R/ES and perceived racism. Family practitioners can use the findings to guide parents that are vacillating on the importance of discussing racial hierarchies with their children. Keywords Racial socialization Stereotyping Racism Parenting Scale construction