参考文献:1.Kitamura H, Nakagawa T, Takayama M, Kimura Y, Hijikata A, Hijika A, Ohara O: Post-transcriptional effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate on transcriptome of U937 cells. FEBS Lett 2004, 578:180鈥?84. 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.008PubMed CrossRef 2.North RJ, Jung Y-J: Immunity to tuberculosis. Annu Rev Immunol 2004, 22:599鈥?23. 10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104635PubMed CrossRef 3.Raviglione MC, Dye C, Schmidt S, Kochi A: Assessment of worldwide tuberculosis control: WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project. The Lancet 1997, 350:624鈥?29. 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)04146-9CrossRef 4.Patterson JH, Waller RF, Jeevarajah D, Billman-Jacobe H, McConville MJ: Mannose metabolism is required for mycobacterial growth. Biochem J 2003, 372:77鈥?6. 10.1042/BJ20021700PubMed CrossRef PubMed Central 5.Hisatsune J, Nakayama M, Isomoto H, Kurazono H, Mukaida N, Mukhopadhyay AK, Azuma T, Yamaoka Y, Sap J, Yamasaki E, Yahiro K, Moss J, Hirayama T: Molecular characterization of Helicobacter pylori VacA induction of IL-8 in U937 cells reveals a prominent role for p38MAPK in activating transcription factor-2, cAMP response element binding protein, and NF-kappaB activation. J Immunol 2008, 180:5017鈥?027. 10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.5017PubMed CrossRef PubMed Central 6.Schluger NW, Rom WN: The host immune response to tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998, 157:679鈥?91. 10.1164/ajrccm.157.3.9708002PubMed CrossRef 7.Addlagatta A, Quillin ML, Omotoso O, Liu JO, Matthews BW: Identification of an SH3-binding motif in a new class of methionine aminopeptidases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis suggests a mode of interaction with the ribosome. Biochemistry 2005, 44:7166鈥?174. 10.1021/bi0501176PubMed CrossRef 8.Vergne I, Chua J, Singh SB, Deretic V: Cell biology of mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2004, 20:367鈥?94. 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.114015PubMed CrossRef 9.Parish T, Stoker NG: Mycobacteria: bugs and bugbears. Methods Mol Biol 1998, 101:1鈥?3.PubMed 10.Rogall T, Wolters J, Flohr T, B枚ttger EC: Towards a phylogeny and definition of species at the molecular level within the genus Mycobacterium. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1990, 40:323鈥?30. 10.1099/00207713-40-4-323PubMed CrossRef 11.Narayanan SS, Ramanujan A, Krishna S, Nampoothiri KM: Purification and biochemical characterization of Methionine Aminopeptidase (MetAP) from Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008, 151:512鈥?21. 10.1007/s12010-008-8227-yPubMed CrossRef 12.Olaleye O, Raghunand TR, Bhat S, He J, Tyagi S, Lamichhane G, Gu P, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Grosset J, Bishai WR, Liu JO: Methionine aminopeptidases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as novel antimycobacterial targets. Chem Biol 2010, 17:86鈥?7. 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.12.014PubMed CrossRef PubMed Central 13.McCarthy TR, Torrelles JB, MacFarlane AS, Katawczik M, Kutzbach B, Desjardin LE, Clegg S, Goldberg JB, Schlesinger LS: Overexpression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis manB, a phosphomannomutase that increases phosphatidylinositol mannoside biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis and mycobacterial association with human macrophages. Mol Microbiol 2005, 58:774鈥?90. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04862.xPubMed CrossRef 14.Keiser TL, Azad AK, Guirado E, Bonacci R, Schlesinger LS: Comparative transcriptional study of the putative mannose donor biosynthesis genes in virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis and attenuated mycobacterium bovis BCG strains. Infect Immun 2011, 79:4668鈥?673. 10.1128/IAI.05635-11PubMed CrossRef PubMed Central 15.Staels B, Dallongeville J, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Leitersdorf E, Fruchart JC: Mechanism of action of fibrates on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Circulation 1998, 98:2088鈥?093. 10.1161/01.CIR.98.19.2088PubMed CrossRef 16.Kim M-J, Wainwright HC, Locketz M, Bekker L-G, Walther GB, Dittrich C, Visser A, Wang W, Hsu F-F, Wiehart U, Tsenova L, Kaplan G, Russell DG: Caseation of human tuberculosis granulomas correlates with elevated host lipid metabolism. EMBO Mol Med 2010, 2:258鈥?74. 10.1002/emmm.201000079PubMed CrossRef PubMed Central 17.Mathivat A, Cottet J: Clinical trials on the hypocholesteremia-producing effect of 2-phenylbutyric acid. Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris 1953, 69:1030鈥?048.PubMed 18.Sch盲fer G, Guler R, Murray G, Brombacher F, Brown GD: The role of scavenger receptor B1 in infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a murine model. PLoS One 2009, 4:e8448. 10.1371/journal.pone.0008448PubMed CrossRef PubMed Central 19.Peyron P, Bordier C, N鈥橠iaye EN, Maridonneau-Parini I: Nonopsonic phagocytosis of Mycobacterium kansasii by human neutrophils depends on cholesterol and is mediated by CR3 associated with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. J Immunol 2000, 165:5186鈥?191. 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.5186PubMed CrossRef 20.Reich-Slotky R, Kabbash CA, Della-Latta P, Blanchard JS, Feinmark SJ, Freeman S, Kaplan G, Shuman HA, Silverstein SC: Gemfibrozil inhibits Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl coenzyme A reductases and blocks intracellular growth of these bacteria in macrophages. J Bacteriol 2009, 191:5262鈥?271. 10.1128/JB.00175-09PubMed CrossRef PubMed Central 21.Scatena R, Nocca G, Sole PD, Rumi C, Puggioni P, Remiddi F, Bottoni P, Ficarra S, Giardina B: Bezafibrate as differentiating factor of human myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Death Differ 1999, 6:781鈥?87. 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400551PubMed CrossRef 22.Berger JP, Akiyama TE, Meinke PT: PPARs: therapeutic targets for metabolic disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2005, 26:244鈥?51. 10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.003PubMed CrossRef 23.Kliewer SA, Umesono K, Noonan DJ, Heyman RA, Evans RM: Convergence of 9-cis retinoic acid and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors. Nature 1992, 358:771鈥?74. 10.1038/358771a0PubMed CrossRef 24.Dreyer C, Krey G, Keller H, Givel F, Helftenbein G, Wahli W: Control of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway by a novel family of nuclear hormone receptors. Cell 1992, 68:879鈥?87. 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90031-7PubMed CrossRef 25.Tugwood JD, Issemann I, Anderson RG, Bundell KR, McPheat WL, Green S: The mouse peroxisome proliferator activated receptor recognizes a response element in the 5鈥?flanking sequence of the rat acyl CoA oxidase gene. EMBO J 1992, 11:433鈥?39.PubMed PubMed Central 26.Marx N, Duez H, Fruchart J-C, Staels B: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and atherogenesis: regulators of gene expression in vascular cells. Circ Res 2004, 94:1168鈥?178. 10.1161/01.RES.0000127122.22685.0APubMed CrossRef 27.Mu帽oz S, Rivas-Santiago B, Enciso JA: Mycobacterium tuberculosis entry into mast cells through cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains. Scand J Immunol 2009, 70:256鈥?63. 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02295.xPubMed CrossRef 28.O鈥橬eill LAJ, Golenbock D, Bowie AG: The history of Toll-like receptors - redefining innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2013, 13:453鈥?60. 10.1038/nri3446PubMed CrossRef 29.Means TK, WANG S, Lien E, Yoshimura A, Golenbock DT, Fenton MJ: Human toll-like receptors mediate cellular activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 1999, 163:3920鈥?927.PubMed 30.Ehlers S: Role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in host defence against tuberculosis: implications for immunotherapies targeting TNF. Ann Rheum Dis 2003, 62:37ii-42ii. 10.1136/ard.62.1.37CrossRef 31.H枚lscher C, Reiling N, Schaible UE, H枚lscher A, Bathmann C, Korbel D, Lenz I, Sonntag T, Kr枚ger S, Akira S, Mossmann H, Kirschning CJ, Wagner H, Freudenberg M, Ehlers S: Containment of aerogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice does not require MyD88 adaptor function for TLR2, 鈭? and 鈭?. Eur J Immunol 2008, 38:680鈥?94. 10.1002/eji.200736458PubMed CrossRef 32.Takano H, Nagai T, Asakawa M, Toyozaki T, Oka T, Komuro I, Saito T, Masuda Y: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Circ Res 2000, 87:596鈥?02. 10.1161/01.RES.87.7.596PubMed CrossRef 33.Antonenkov VD, Croes K, Waelkens E, Van Veldhoven PP, Mannaerts GP: Identification, purification and characterization of an acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase from rat liver peroxisomes. Eur J Biochem 2000, 267:2981鈥?990. 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2000.01314.xPubMed CrossRef 34.Thompson SL, Krisans SK: Rat liver peroxisomes catalyze the initial step in cholesterol synthesis: the condensation of acetyl-CoA units into acetoacetyl-CoA. JBC 1990, 265:5731鈥?735. 35.Huth W, Jonas R, Wunderlich I, Seubert W: On the mechanism of ketogenesis and its control: purification, kinetic mechanism and regulation of different forms of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolases from ox liver. Eur J Biochem 1975, 59:475鈥?89. 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02476.xPubMed CrossRef 36.Clinkenbeard KD, Reed WD, Mooney RA, Lane MD: Intracellular localization of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzme A cycle enzymes in liver: separate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A generating systems for cholesterogenesis and ketogenesis. JBC 1975, 250:3108鈥?116. 37.Lalloyer F, Staels B: Fibrates, glitazones, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010, 30:894鈥?99. 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.179689PubMed CrossRef PubMed Central 38.Bocher V, Chinetti G, Fruchart J-C, Staels B: Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) in the regulation of lipids and inflammation control. J Soc Biol 2002, 196:47鈥?2.PubMed 39.Baures PW: Is ROR纬 a therapeutic target for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections? Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2012, 92:95鈥?9. 10.1016/j.tube.2011.11.009CrossRef 40.Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, Mirabile-Levens E, Kasznica J, Schwieterman WD, Siegel JN, Braun MM: Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:1098鈥?104. 10.1056/NEJMoa011110PubMed CrossRef 41.N煤帽ez Mart铆nez O, Ripoll Noiseux C, Carneros Mart铆n JA, Gonz谩lez Lara V, Gregorio Mara帽贸n HG: Reactivation tuberculosis in a patient with anti-TNF-alpha treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 2001, 96:1665鈥?666.PubMed 42.Flynn JL, Goldstein MM, Chan J, Triebold KJ, Pfeffer K, Lowenstein CJ, Schreiber R, Mak TW, Bloom BR: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is required in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Immunity 1995, 2:561鈥?72. 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90001-2PubMed CrossRef 43.Garbe TR: Co-induction of methyltransferase Rv0560c by naphthoquinones and fibric acids suggests attenuation of isoprenoid quinone action in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Can J Microbiol 2004, 50:771鈥?78. 10.1139/w04-067PubMed CrossRef
作者单位:Sung-Jo Kim (2) Minho Hong (2) Ki Duk Song (3) Hak-Kyo Lee (3) Sungweon Ryoo (4) Tae-Hwe Heo (5) (6)
2. Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, 165, Baebang, Asan, Chungnam, 336-795, Republic of Korea 3. The Animal Genomics and Breeding Center, Han-Kyong National University, Anseong, 456-749, Republic of Korea 4. Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Mansu-ri 482, Gangoe-myeon, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-954, Republic of Korea 5. Laboratory of Immunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 420-743, Republic of Korea 6. NP512, Hall of Cardinal Jin-Suk Cheong, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a respiratory tract disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. M. tuberculosis exploits immune privilege to grow and divide in pleural macrophages. Fibrates are associated with the immune response and control lipid metabolism through glycolysis with 尾-oxidation of fatty acids.