Current challenges in compound-specific stable isotope analysis of environmental organic contaminants
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  • 作者：Martin Elsner (1) martin.elsner@helmholtz-muenchen.de
    Maik A. Jochmann (2)
    Thomas B. Hofstetter (3)
    Daniel Hunkeler (4)
    Anat Bernstein (5)
    Torsten C. Schmidt (2)
    Arndt Schimmelmann (6)
  • 关键词：Gas chromatography ; isotope ; ratio mass spectrometry – ; Isotope fractionation – ; Groundwater contamination – ; Pollution source – ; Transformation pathways – ; Isotope standard
  • 刊名：Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
  • 出版年：2012
  • 出版时间：July 2012
  • 年：2012
  • 卷：403
  • 期：9
  • 页码：2471-2491
  • 全文大小：723.2 KB
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  • 作者单位：1. Helmholtz Zentrum M眉nchen, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolst盲dter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany2. Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Universit盲tsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany3. Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 脺berlandstr. 133, 8600 D眉bendorf, Switzerland4. University of Neuch芒tel, Centre for Hydrogeology, Rue Emile Argand 11, 2009 Neuch芒tel, Switzerland5. Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Negev, Israel6. Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-1405, USA
  • 刊物类别：Chemistry and Materials Science
  • 刊物主题：Chemistry
    Analytical Chemistry
    Food Science
    Inorganic Chemistry
    Physical Chemistry
    Monitoring, Environmental Analysis and Environmental Ecotoxicology
  • 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
  • ISSN：1618-2650
文摘
Compound-specific stable-isotope analysis (CSIA) has greatly facilitated assessment of sources and transformation processes of organic pollutants. Multielement isotope analysis is one of the most promising applications of CSIA because it even enables distinction of different transformation pathways. This review introduces the essential features of continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and highlights current challenges in environmental analysis as exemplified for the isotopes of nitrogen, hydrogen, chlorine, and oxygen. Strategies and recent advances to enable isotopic measurements of polar contaminants, for example pesticides or pharmaceuticals, are discussed with special emphasis on possible solutions for analysis of low concentrations of contaminants in environmental matrices. Finally, we discuss different levels of calibration and referencing and point out the urgent need for compound-specific isotope standards for gas chromatography–isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (GC–IRMS) of organic pollutants.

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