Terminations of reticulospinal fibers originating from the gigantocellular reticular formation in the mouse spinal cord

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Huazheng Liang ; Charles Watson ; George Paxinos
• 关键词：Gigantocellular reticular nucleus ; Paragigantocellular nucleus ; Spinal cord ; Medullary reticulospinal tract ; Locomotion ; Blood pressure control
• 刊名：Brain Structure and Function
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：221
• 期：3
• 页码：1623-1633
• 全文大小：3,406 KB
• 参考文献：Aicher SA, Reis DJ, Nicolae R, Milner TA (1995) Monosynaptic projections from the medullary gigantocellular reticular formation to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the thoracic spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 363:563–580CrossRef PubMed
  Andrezik JA, Beitz AJ (1985) Reticular formation, central gray and related tegmental nuclei. In: Paxinos G (ed) The rat nervous system, vol 2. Academic Press, North Ryde, pp 4–8
  Boissard R, Gervasoni D, Schmidt MH, Barbagli B, Fort P, Luppi PH (2002) The rat ponto-medullary network responsible for paradoxical sleep onset and maintenance: a combined microinjection and functional neuroanatomical study. Eur J Neurosci 16:1959–1973CrossRef PubMed
  Fay RA, Norgren R (1997) Identification of rat brainstem multisynaptic connections to the oral motor nuclei using pseudorabies virus. III. Lingual muscle motor systems. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 25:291–311CrossRef PubMed
  Hattox AM, Priest CA, Keller A (2002) Functional circuitry involved in the regulation of whisker movements. J Comp Neurol 442:266–276CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  Hermann GE, Holmes GM, Rogers RC, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC (2003) Descending spinal projections from the rostral gigantocellular reticular nuclei complex. J Comp Neurol 455:210–221CrossRef PubMed
  Holstege JC (1991) Ultrastructural evidence for GABAergic brain stem projections to spinal motoneurons in the rat. J Neurosci 11:159–167PubMed
  Holstege JC, Kuypers HG (1982) Brain stem projections to spinal motoneuronal cell groups in rat studied by means of electron microscopy autoradiography. Prog Brain Res 57:177–183CrossRef PubMed
  Jones BE, Yang TZ (1985) The efferent projections from the reticular formation and the locus coeruleus studied by anterograde and retrograde axonal transport in the rat. J Comp Neurol 242:56–92CrossRef PubMed
  Lefler Y, Arzi A, Reiner K, Sukhotinsky I, Devor M (2008) Bulbospinal neurons of the rat rostromedial medulla are highly collateralized. J Comp Neurol 506:960–978CrossRef PubMed
  Li YQ, Takada M, Kaneko T, Mizuno N (1996) GABAergic and glycinergic neurons projecting to the trigeminal motor nucleus: a double labeling study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 373:498–510CrossRef PubMed
  Liang H, Paxinos G, Watson C (2011) Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse. Brain Struct Funct 215:159–186CrossRef PubMed
  Liang H, Duan D, Watson C, Paxinos G (2013) Projections from the paralemniscal nucleus to the spinal cord in the mouse. Brain Struct Funct 218(5):1307–1316CrossRef PubMed
  Luppi PH, Clément O, Sapin E, Gervasoni D, Peyron C, Léger L, Salvert D, Fort P (2011) The neuronal network responsible for paradoxical sleep and its dysfunctions causing narcolepsy and rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder. Sleep Med Rev 15:153–163CrossRef PubMed
  Martin GF, Vertes RP, Waltzer R (1985) Spinal projections of the gigantocellular reticular formation in the rat. Evidence for projections from different areas to laminae I and II and lamina IX. Exp Brain Res 58:154–162CrossRef PubMed
  Mason P (2005) Ventromedial medulla: pain modulation and beyond. J Comp Neurol 493:2–8CrossRef PubMed
  Mileykovskiy BY, Kiyashchenko LI, Kodama T, Lai YY, Siegel JM (2000) Activation of pontine and medullary motor inhibitory regions reduces discharge in neurons located in the locus coeruleus and the anatomical equivalent of the midbrain locomotor region. J Neurosci 20:8551–8558PubMed
  Mitani A, Ito K, Mitani Y, McCarley RW (1988) Descending projections from the gigantocellular tegmental field in the cat: cells of origin and their brainstem and spinal cord trajectories. J Comp Neurol 268:546–566CrossRef PubMed
  Morest DK, Sutin J (1961) Ascending pathways from an osmotically sensitive region of the medulla oblongata. Exp Neurol 4:413–423CrossRef PubMed
  Nagata T, Suzuki H, Zhang R, Ozaki M, Kawakami Y (2003) Mechanical stimulation activates small fiber mediated nociceptive responses in the nucleus gigantocellularis. Exp Brain Res 149:505–511PubMed
  Nyberg-Hansen R (1965) Sites and mode of termination of reticulo-spinal fibers in the cat. An experimental study with silver impregnation methods. J Comp Neurol 124:71–99CrossRef PubMed
  Paxinos G, Franklin KBJ (2013) The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates, 4th edn. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego
  Peterson BW, Pitts NG, Fukushima K (1979) Reticulospinal connections with limb and axial motoneurons. Exp Brain Res 36:1–20CrossRef PubMed
  Petras JM (1967) Cortical, tectal and tegmental fiber connections in the spinal cord of the cat. Brain Res 6:275–324CrossRef PubMed
  Reed WR, Shum-Siu A, Magnuson DS (2008) Reticulospinal pathways in the ventrolateral funiculus with terminations in the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the adult rat spinal cord. Neuroscience 151(2):505–517CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  Robinson FR, Phillips JO, Fuchs AF (1994) Coordination of gaze shifts in primates: brainstem inputs to neck and extraocular motoneuron pools. J Comp Neurol 346:43–62CrossRef PubMed
  Sakai ST, Davidson AG, Buford JA (2009) Reticulospinal neurons in the pontomedullary reticular formation of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Neuroscience 163:1158–1170CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
  Sengul G, Watson C, Tanaka I, Paxinos G (2013) Atlas of the spinal cord of the rat, mouse, marmoset, rhesus and human. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA
  Steriade M, Sakai K, Jouvet M (1984) Bulbo-thalamic neurons related to thalamocortical activation processes during paradoxical sleep. Exp Brain Res 54:463–475CrossRef PubMed
  Tellegen AJ, Dubbeldam JL (1999) Location of reticular premotor areas of a motor center innervating craniocervical muscles in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.). J Comp Neurol 405:281–298CrossRef PubMed
  Winson J (1981) Reticular formation influence on neuronal transmission from perforant pathway through dentate gyrus. Brain Res 225:37–49CrossRef PubMed
  Zagon A, Bacon SJ (1991) Evidence of a monosynaptic pathway between cells of the ventromedial medulla and the motoneuron pool of the thoracic spinal cord in rat: electron microscopic analysis of synaptic contacts. Eur J Neurosci 3:55–65CrossRef PubMed
  Zou XC, Ho RH, Wang XM, Martin GF (1996) Evidence for GAP-43 within descending spinal axons in the North American opossum, Didelphis virginiana. Brain Behav Evol 47:200–213CrossRef PubMed
  
• 作者单位：Huazheng Liang (1) (2)
  Charles Watson (1)
  George Paxinos (1) (2)
  
  1. Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
  2. School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
  
• 刊物主题：Neurosciences; Cell Biology; Neurology;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1863-2661

文摘

The present study investigated the projections of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi) and its neighbors—the dorsal paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (DPGi), the alpha/ventral part of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GiA/V), and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (LPGi)—to the mouse spinal cord by injecting the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the Gi, DPGi, GiA/GiV, and LPGi. The Gi projected to the entire spinal cord bilaterally with an ipsilateral predominance. Its fibers traveled in both the ventral and lateral funiculi with a greater presence in the ventral funiculus. As the fibers descended in the spinal cord, their density in the lateral funiculus increased. The terminals were present mainly in laminae 7–10 with a dorsolateral expansion caudally. In the lumbar and sacral cord, a considerable number of terminals were also present in laminae 5 and 6. Contralateral fibers shared a similar pattern to their ipsilateral counterparts and some fibers were seen to cross the midline. Fibers arising from the DPGi were similarly distributed in the spinal cord except that there was no dorsolateral expansion in the lumbar and sacral segments and there were fewer fiber terminals. Fibers arising from GiA/V predominantly traveled in the ventral and lateral funiculi ipsilaterally. Ipsilaterally, the density of fibers in the ventral funiculus decreased along the rostrocaudal axis, whereas the density of fibers in the lateral funiculus increased. They terminate mainly in the medial ventral horn and lamina 10 with a smaller number of fibers in the dorsal horn. Fibers arising from the LPGi traveled in both the ventral and lateral funiculi and the density of these fibers in the ventral and lateral funiculi decreased dramatically in the lumbar and sacral segments. Their terminals were present in the ventral horn with a large portion of them terminating in the motor neuron columns. The present study is the first demonstration of the termination pattern of fibers arising from the Gi, DPGi, GiA/GiV, and LPGi in the mouse spinal cord. It provides an anatomical foundation for those who are conducting spinal cord injury and locomotion related research.