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作者单位：Kyla N. Velaer (1)
Ryan L. Steinberg (1)
Lewis J. Thomas (1)
Michael A. O’Donnell (1)
Kenneth G. Nepple (1)

1. Department of Urology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., 3 RCP, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1089, USA

刊物主题：Urology/Andrology; Nephrology;

出版者：Springer US

ISSN：1534-6285

文摘

Patients with high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) receive intravesical therapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as the well-established standard-of-care. However, even with prompt induction of intravesical therapy, approximately 40 % of patients will recur within 2 years. For patients who fail BCG, options include radical cystectomy, repeat BCG therapy, or alternative intravesical salvage therapy. In this review, we will discuss the most recent published evidence on salvage intravesical therapy with an emphasis on a more in-depth report of our therapeutic strategy with sequential gemcitabine and docetaxel intravesical therapy for this treatment-refractory population. In addition, we will provide practical advice on our approach to this challenging patient population including the use of operative staging to aid early identification of treatment failures.