Frictional strength and heat flow of southern San Andreas Fault

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• 作者：P. P. Zhu
• 关键词：Frictional strength ; Heat flow ; Southern San Andreas Fault ; Shear stress ; Normal stress ; Friction stress ; Friction coefficient ; Fault friction heat ; Slip rate
• 刊名：Journal of Seismology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：20
• 期：1
• 页码：291-304
• 全文大小：593 KB
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• 作者单位：P. P. Zhu (1)
  
  1. GEO Research Institute, Milpitas, CA, 95035, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Structural Geology
  Hydrogeology
  Geotechnical Engineering
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-157X

文摘

Frictional strength and heat flow of faults are two related subjects in geophysics and seismology. To date, the investigation on regional frictional strength and heat flow still stays at the stage of qualitative estimation. This paper is concentrated on the regional frictional strength and heat flow of the southern San Andreas Fault (SAF). Based on the in situ borehole measured stress data, using the method of 3D dynamic faulting analysis, we quantitatively determine the regional normal stress, shear stress, and friction coefficient at various seismogenic depths. These new data indicate that the southern SAF is a weak fault within the depth of 15 km. As depth increases, all the regional normal and shear stresses and friction coefficient increase. The former two increase faster than the latter. Regional shear stress increment per kilometer equals 5.75鈥壜扁€?.05 MPa/km for depth 鈮?5 km; regional normal stress increment per kilometer is equal to 25.3鈥壜扁€?.1 MPa/km for depth 鈮?5 km. As depth increases, regional friction coefficient increment per kilometer decreases rapidly from 0.08 to 0.01/km at depths less than ~3 km. As depth increases from ~3 to ~5 km, it is 0.01/km and then from ~5 to 15 km, and it is 0.002/km. Previously, frictional strength could be qualitatively determined by heat flow measurements. It is difficult to obtain the quantitative heat flow data for the SAF because the measured heat flow data exhibit large scatter. However, our quantitative results of frictional strength can be employed to investigate the heat flow in the southern SAF. We use a physical quantity P _f to describe heat flow. It represents the dissipative friction heat power per unit area generated by the relative motion of two tectonic plates accommodated by off-fault deformation. P _f is called 鈥渇ault friction heat.鈥?On the basis of our determined frictional strength data, utilizing the method of 3D dynamic faulting analysis, we quantitatively determine the regional long-term fault friction heat at various seismogenic depths in the southern SAF. The new data show that as depth increases, regional friction stress increases within the depth of 15 km; its increment per kilometer equals 5.75鈥壜扁€?.05 MPa/km. As depth increases, regional long-term fault friction heat increases; its increment per kilometer is equal to 3.68鈥壜扁€?.03 mW/m2/km. The values of regional long-term fault friction heat provided by this study are always lower than those from heat flow measurements. The difference between them and the scatter existing in the measured heat flow data are mainly caused by the following processes: (i) heat convection, (ii) heat advection, (iii) stress accumulation, (iv) seismic bursts between short-term lull periods in a long-term period, and (v) influence of seismicity in short-term periods upon long-term slip rate and heat flow. Fault friction heat is a fundamental parameter in research on heat flow. Keywords Frictional strength Heat flow Southern San Andreas Fault Shear stress Normal stress Friction stress Friction coefficient Fault friction heat Slip rate