Sand dunes as potential sources of dust in northern China

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• 作者：Mark R. Sweeney ; HuaYu Lu ; MengChun Cui ; Joseph A. Mason…
• 关键词：Coppice dunes ; Transverse dunes ; Dust ; PI ; SWERL ; Desert
• 刊名：Science China Earth Sciences
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：59
• 期：4
• 页码：760-769
• 全文大小：1,041 KB
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• 作者单位：Mark R. Sweeney (1)
  HuaYu Lu (2)
  MengChun Cui (2)
  Joseph A. Mason (3)
  Han Feng (2)
  ZhiWei Xu (2)
  
  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
  2. Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Environment, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
  3. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
  
• 刊物主题：Earth Sciences, general;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1869-1897

文摘

While saltation bombardment of sand grains on a fine substrate can produce considerable dust, the well-sorted nature of sand dunes tends to preclude them from consideration as major dust sources. Recent research, however, has revealed that sand dunes can, in some cases, be large sources of dust. We used the PI-SWERL (Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory) to measure in the field the potential of sand dunes and other desert landforms to emit particulate matter <10 μm (PM-10) dust in the Tengger, Ulan Buh, and Mu Us deserts of northern China. Combined with high resolution particle size measurements of the dune sand, an assessment of sand dunes as a dust source can be made. Large active transverse dunes tend to contain little to no stored PM-10, yet they produce a low dust flux. Coppice dunes stabilized by vegetation contain appreciable PM-10 and have very high dust emission potential. There is a positive correlation between the amount of PM-10 stored in a dune and its potential dust flux. Saltation liberates loose fines stored in dunes, making them very efficient dust emitters compared to landforms such as dry lake beds and washes where dust particles are unavailable for aeolian transport due to protective crusts or sediment cohesion. In cases where large dunes do not store PM-10 yet emit dust when active, two hypotheses can be considered: (1) iron-oxide grain coatings are removed during saltation, creating dust, and (2) sand grains collide during saltation, abrading grains to create dust. Observations reveal that iron oxide coatings are present on some dune sands. PI-SWERL data suggests that low dust fluxes from dunes containing no stored dust may represent an estimate for the amount of PM-10 dust produced by removal of iron oxide coatings. These results are similar to results from dunes in the United States. In addition, PI-SWERL results suggest that dust-bearing coppice dunes, which cover vast areas of China’s sandy deserts, may become major sources of dust in the future if overgrazing, depletion of groundwater, or drought destabilizes the vegetation that now partially covers these dunes.