Lysine nutrition in swine and the related monogastric animals: muscle protein biosynthesis and beyond

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• 作者：Shengfa F Liao ; Taiji Wang ; Naresh Regmi
• 关键词：Lysine ; Muscle ; Amino acid ; Metabolism ; Protein synthesis ; Epigenetic regulation ; Protein modification ; Gene expression ; Swine ; Monogastric animal
• 刊名：SpringerPlus
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：4
• 期：1
• 全文大小：642KB
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• 作者单位：Shengfa F Liao (1)
  Taiji Wang (1)
  Naresh Regmi (1)
  
  1. Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Science, general;
• 刊物主题：Science, general;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：2193-1801

文摘

Improving feed efficiency of pigs with dietary application of amino acids (AAs) is becoming increasingly important because this practice can not only secure the plasma AA supply for muscle growth but also protect the environment from nitrogen discharge with feces and urine. Lysine, the first limiting AA in typical swine diets, is a substrate for generating body proteins, peptides, and non-peptide molecules, while excess lysine is catabolized as an energy source. From a regulatory standpoint, lysine is at the top level in controlling AA metabolism, and lysine can also affect the metabolism of other nutrients. The effect of lysine on hormone production and activities is reflected by the change of plasma concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1. Lysine residues in peptides are important sites for protein post-translational modification involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. An inborn error of a cationic AA transporter in humans can lead to a lysinuric protein intolerance condition. Dietary deficiency of lysine will impair animal immunity and elevate animal susceptibility to infectious diseases. Because lysine deficiency has negative impact on animal health and growth performance and it appears that dietary lysine is non-toxic even at a high dose of supplementation, nutritional emphasis should be put on lysine supplementation to avoid its deficiency rather than toxicity. Improvement of muscle growth of monogastric animals such as pigs via dietary lysine supply may be due to a greater increase in protein synthesis rather than a decrease in protein degradation. Nevertheless, the underlying metabolic and molecular mechanisms regarding lysine effect on muscle protein accretion merits further clarification. Future research undertaken to fully elucidate the metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of lysine nutrition could provide a sound scientific foundation necessary for developing novel nutritional strategies to enhance the muscle growth and development of meat animals. Keywords Lysine Muscle Amino acid Metabolism Protein synthesis Epigenetic regulation Protein modification Gene expression Swine Monogastric animal