Impacts of hazardous air pollutants emitted from phosphate fertilizer production plants on their ambient concentration levels in the Tampa Bay area

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• 作者：Hsing-Wang Li ; Nima Afshar-Mohajer ; Chang-Yu Wu…
• 关键词：Phosphate fertilizer plant ; Hazardous air pollutant ; Atmospheric dispersion ; Source apportionment ; Human exposure
• 刊名：Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：October 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：8
• 期：5
• 页码：453-467
• 全文大小：2,016 KB
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• 作者单位：Hsing-Wang Li (1) (2)
  Nima Afshar-Mohajer (1)
  Chang-Yu Wu (1)
  Jean-Claude J. Bonzongo (1)
  Vito A. Ilacqua (3)
  Yongsuk Choi (1) (4)
  Brian Birky (5)
  
  1. Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6450, USA
  2. Environmental Bioengineering & Chemical Analysis Section, New Materials Research & Development Department, China Steel Corporation, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung, 81233, Taiwan
  3. National Center for Environmental Research, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
  4. Department of Atmospheric Research, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health & Environment, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 427-070, Korea
  5. Florida Industrial and Phosphate Research Institute, Bartow, FL, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Environment
  Atmospheric Protection, Air Quality Control and Air Pollution
  Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
  Environment
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1873-9326

文摘

The concentrations and distribution of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) metals emitted from four phosphate fertilizer plants in Central Florida, as well as their environmental and health impacts, were investigated. It was hypothesized that the modern control devices employed in the plants would lower the exposure, if any, to an acceptable level. The dominant HAP metals emitted from the stacks of these plants were identified to be Mn, Cr, Ni, and Se. The ambient concentrations at six receptors (Zephyrhills, Plant City, Tampa, Lakeland, Tower Dairy, and Sydney) downwind the plants estimated by AERMOD revealed the maximum ground level concentrations were lower than the European Communities and USEPA standards. Source apportionment estimated by the chemical mass balance (CMB) model indicated that marine (45.5?±-7.1 %) and geological (17.3?±-0.6 %) were the top two contributors for 26 elements, while the phosphate fertilizer plants contributed only 1.14?±-.55 %. Unexpectedly, the maximum ground-level risks for Cr from plant A (1.3?×-0??±-.4?×-0?) and plant D (1.1?×-0??±-.7?×-0?) were slightly higher than the general guideline of 1?×-0?, but they occurred within the facility limit. No other metals approached levels of concern for non-cancer risks. One possible source for Cr emissions from these plants may be stainless steel milling balls used in the production process. Sensitivity analysis of the meteorological data in 2001-005 showed only 7.7 % variation in the corresponding risk. Overall, phosphate fertilizer plants make minor contribution to the ambient levels of HAP metals compared to other sources for the general population in the Tampa Bay area, although more in-depth investigation into the Cr emissions is recommended. Keywords Phosphate fertilizer plant Hazardous air pollutant Atmospheric dispersion Source apportionment Human exposure