The thermal impact of phototherapy with concurrent super-pulsed lasers and red and infrared LEDs on human skin

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• 作者：Vanessa dos Santos Grandinétti ; Eduardo Foschini Miranda…
• 关键词：Phototherapy ; Thermal effect ; Low ; level laser therapy ; Skin temperature ; Safety ; Photobiomodulation ; Multiple wavelengths
• 刊名：Lasers in Medical Science
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：July 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：30
• 期：5
• 页码：1575-1581
• 全文大小：1,437 KB
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  7.Gur A, Sarac AJ, Cevik R, Altindag O, Sarac S (2004) Efficacy of 904 nm gallium arsenide low level laser therapy in the management of chronic myofascial pain in the neck: a double-blind and randomize-controlled trial. Lasers Surg Med 35:229-35PubMed View Article
  8.Chow RT, Heller GZ, Barnsley L (2006) The effect of 300 mW, 830 nm laser on chronic neck pain: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Pain 124:201-10PubMed View Article
  9.Leal Junior EC, Lopes-Martins RA, Dalan F, Ferrari M, Sbabo FM, Generosi RA, Baroni BM, Penna SC, Iversen VV, Bjordal JM (2008) Effect of 655-nm low-level laser therapy on exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans. Photomed Laser Surg 26:419-24PubMed View Article
  10.de Almeida P, Lopes-Martins RA, De Marchi T, Tomazoni SS, Albertini R, Corrêa JC, Rossi RP, Machado GP, da Silva DP, Bjordal JM, Leal Junior EC (2012) Red (660 nm) and infrared (830 nm) low-level laser therapy in skeletal muscle fatigue in humans: what is better? Lasers Med Sci 27:453-58PubMed Central PubMed View Article
  11.Leal Junior EC, Lopes-Martins RA, Vanin AA, Baroni BM, Grosselli D, De Marchi T, Iversen VV, Bjordal JM (2009) Effect of 830 nm low-level laser therapy in exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans. Lasers Med Sci 24:425-31PubMed View Article
  12.Leal Junior EC, Lopes-Martins RA, Frigo L, De Marchi T, Rossi RP, de Godoi V, Tomazoni SS, da Silva DP, Basso M, Lotti Filho P, Corsetti FV, Iversen VV, Bjordal JM (2010) Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the development of exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and changes in biochemical markers related to post-exercise recovery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 40:524-32PubMed View Article
  13.De Marchi T, Leal Junior EC, Bortoli C, Tomazoni SS, Lopes-Martins RA, Salvador M (2012) Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in human progressive-intensity running: effects on exercise performance, skeletal muscle status, and oxidative stress. Lasers Med Sci 27:231-36PubMed View Article
  14.Leal Junior EC, Lopes-Martins RA, Baroni BM, De Marchi T, Rossi RP, Grosselli D, Generosi RA, de Godoi V, Basso M, Mancalossi JL, Bjordal JM (2009) Comparison between single-diode low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and LED multi-diode (cluster) therapy (LEDT) applications before high-intensity exercise. Photomed Laser Surg 27:617-23PubMed View Article
  15.Leal Junior EC, Lopes-Martins RA, Rossi RP, De Marchi T, Baroni BM, de Godoi V, Marcos RL, Ramos L, Bjordal JM (2009) Effect of cluster multi-diode light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue and skeletal muscle recovery in humans. Lasers Surg Med 41:572-77PubMed View Article
  16.Antonialli FC, De Marchi T, Tomazoni SS, Vanin AA, Dos Santos GV, de Paiva PR, Pinto HD, Miranda EF, de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho P, Leal-Junior EC (2014) Phototherapy in skeletal muscle performance and recovery after exercise: effect of combination of super-pulsed laser and light-emitting diodes. Lasers Med Sci 29:1967-976PubMed View Article
  17.Leal-Junior EC, Vanin AA, Miranda EF, de Carvalho PdeT, Dal Corso S, Bjordal JM (2015) Effect of phototherapy (low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode therapy) on exercise performance and markers of exercise recovery: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 30:925-39
  18.Miranda EF, Leal-Junior EC, Marchetti PH, Dal Corso S (2014) Acute effects o
• 作者单位：Vanessa dos Santos Grandinétti (1)
  Eduardo Foschini Miranda (1)
  Douglas Scott Johnson (2)
  Paulo Roberto Vicente de Paiva (1)
  Shaiane Silva Tomazoni (4)
  Adriane Aver Vanin (3)
  Gianna Móes Albuquerque-Pontes (1)
  Lucio Frigo (5)
  Rodrigo Labat Marcos (1)
  Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho (1) (3)
  Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior (1) (3)
  
  1. Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Rua Vergueiro, 235, S?o Paulo, SP, 01504-001, Brazil
  2. Multi Radiance Medical, Solon, OH, USA
  4. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S?o Paulo, S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil
  3. Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Rua Vergueiro, 235, S?o Paulo, SP, 01504-001, Brazil
  5. Biological Sciences and Health Center, Cruzeiro do Sul University, S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil
  
• 刊物类别：Medicine
• 刊物主题：Medicine & Public Health
  Medicine/Public Health, general
  Dentistry
  Laser Technology and Physics and Photonics
  Quantum Optics, Quantum Electronics and Nonlinear Optics
  Applied Optics, Optoelectronics and Optical Devices
  
• 出版者：Springer London
• ISSN：1435-604X

文摘

From the very first reports describing the method of action of phototherapy, the effects have been considered to be the result of photochemical and photophysical interactions between the absorbed photons and tissue and not related to secondary changes in tissue or skin temperature. However, thermal effects have been recently reported in dark pigmented skin when irradiated with single wavelengths of 810 and 904?nm of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) devices even with doses that do not exceed those recommended by the World Association of Laser Therapy (WALT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal impact during the concurrent use of pulsed red and infrared LEDs and super-pulsed lasers when applied to light, medium, and dark pigmented human skin with doses typically seen in clinical practice. The study evaluated the skin temperature of 42 healthy volunteers (males and females 18?years or older, who presented different pigmentations, stratified according to Von Luschan’s chromatic scale) via the use of a thermographic camera. Active irradiation was performed with using the multi-diode phototherapy cluster containing four 905-nm super-pulsed laser diodes (frequency set to 250?Hz), four 875-nm infrared-emitting diodes, and four 640-nm LEDs (manufactured by Multi Radiance Medical? Solon, OH, USA). Each of the four doses were tested on each subject: placebo, 0?J (60?s); 10?J (76?s); 30?J (228?s); and 50?J (380?s). Data were collected during the last 5?s of each dose of irradiation and continued for 1?min after the end of each irradiation. No significant skin temperature increases were observed among the different skin color groups (p-gt;-.05), age groups (p-gt;-.05), or gender groups (p-gt;-.05). Our results indicate that the concurrent use of super-pulsed lasers and pulsed red and infrared LEDs can be utilized in patients with all types of skin pigmentation without concern over safety or excessive tissue heating. Additionally, the doses and device utilized in present study have demonstrated positive outcomes in prior clinical trials. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effects seen by the concurrent use of multiple wavelengths and light sources were the result of desirable photobiomodulation effect and not related to thermal influence.