Revisiting El Ni?o Modokis

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• 作者：Shamal Marathe ; Karumuri Ashok ; P. Swapna ; T. P. Sabin
• 关键词：El Ni?o ; El Ni?o Modoki ; Teleconnections ; Air–sea interaction ; Coupled processes
• 刊名：Climate Dynamics
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：December 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：45
• 期：11-12
• 页码：3527-3545
• 全文大小：6,445 KB
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• 作者单位：Shamal Marathe (1)
  Karumuri Ashok (1) (2)
  P. Swapna (1)
  T. P. Sabin (1)
  
  1. Center for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
  2. Centre for Earth and Space Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Meteorology and Climatology
  Oceanography
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0894

文摘

The suggestion that there exist two types of El Ni?o in the tropical Pacific has generated a debate in the community. Applying various linear and non-linear approaches and composite analysis technique on observed and reanalyzed climate datasets primarily for the 1950-010 period, we revisit the variability of the tropical Pacific in the light of this debate. Our objective is to examine whether the proposed El Ni?o Modokis need a classification distinct from canonical El Ni?os. Even if the distinction is subject to short data records, we demonstrate that the El Ni?o Modoki events indeed display a seasonal evolution and teleconnections different from the canonical El Ni?os, and that the distinction is not subject to inclusion of the two extreme El Ni?os 1982 and 1997 as canonical El Ni?os. We show that the El Ni?o Modoki events are not an artifact associated with the orthogonality constraint associated with the EOF technique. Our cluster analysis shows that evolutions of the canonical El Ni?o and El Ni?o Modokis through various seasons differ from one another. Importantly, the dynamic and thermodynamic air–sea coupling strength is distinctly different between the El Ni?o Modoki and the canonical El Ni?o events. We find that, dynamic feedback intensity is stronger for El Ni?o Modoki (canonical El Ni?o) during boreal summer (winter); though the air–sea coupling strength, a major contributor to Bjerknes feedback, is maximum for Modokis during the developing stages, it decreases thereafter. In case of thermodynamic feedback intensity, SST-wind-evaporation feedback is dominant for El Ni?os while SST-SHF feedback is important during El Ni?o Modokis. However, we find that the thermodynamic feedback values significantly differ across the flux datasets. Keywords El Ni?o El Ni?o Modoki Teleconnections Air–sea interaction Coupled processes