The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

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作者：Paul M. Thompson (1) Jason L. Stein (178) Sarah E. Medland (179) Derrek P. Hibar (1) Alejandro Arias Vasquez (4) (5) Miguel E. Renteria (179) Roberto Toro (6) (7) (8) Neda Jahanshad (1) Gunter Schumann (73) Barbara Franke (4) (5) Margaret J. Wright (181) Nicholas G. Martin (180) Ingrid Agartz (141) (65) Martin Alda (119) Saud Alhusaini (117) (13) Laura Almasy (14) Jorge Almeida (118) (119) Kathryn Alpert (145) Nancy C. Andreasen (15) Ole A. Andreassen (12) Liana G. Apostolova (16) Katja Appel (11) Nicola J. Armstrong (166) Benjamin Aribisala (17) (18) (19) Mark E. Bastin (110) (17) (19) Michael Bauer (126) Carrie E. Bearden (123) (182) ?rjan Bergmann (141) Elisabeth B. Binder (20) John Blangero (14) Henry J. Bockholt (177) Erlend B?en (140) (141) Catherine Bois (58) Dorret I. Boomsma (112) (22) Tom Booth (17) Ian J. Bowman (1) Janita Bralten (23) (4) (5) Rachel M. Brouwer (24) Han G. Brunner (4) David G. Brohawn (70) Randy L. Buckner (106) (25) Jan Buitelaar (26) (5) Kazima Bulayeva (27) Juan R. Bustillo (28) Vince D. Calhoun (21) (29) Dara M. Cannon (30) Rita M. Cantor (31) Melanie A. Carless (14) Xavier Caseras (156) Gianpiero L. Cavalleri (13) M. Mallar Chakravarty (151) (32) Kiki D. Chang (168) Christopher R. K. Ching (1) Andrea Christoforou (12) (33) Sven Cichon (36) (37) (38) Vincent P. Clark (139) Patricia Conrod (160) (161) Giovanni Coppola (123) (16) Benedicto Crespo-Facorro (39) (40) Joanne E. Curran (14) Michael Czisch (20) Ian J. Deary (17) Eco J. C. de Geus (112) (22) Anouk den Braber (22) Giuseppe Delvecchio (73) Chantal Depondt (42) Lieuwe de Haan (112) Greig I. de Zubicaray (43) Danai Dima (73) Rali Dimitrova (58) Srdjan Djurovic (12) (44) Hongwei Dong (1) Gary Donohoe (30) (45) Ravindranath Duggirala (14) Thomas D. Dyer (14) Stefan Ehrlich (46) (47) Carl Johan Ekman (65) Torbj?rn Elvs?shagen (140) (141) Louise Emsell (30) Susanne Erk (48) Thomas Espeseth (12) (49) Jesen Fagerness (25) (70) Scott Fears (123) (31) Iryna Fedko (22) Guillén Fernández (23) Simon E. Fisher (5) (50) Tatiana Foroud (93) Peter T. Fox (162) (51) (52) Clyde Francks (5) (50) Sophia Frangou (130) Eva Maria Frey (134) Thomas Frodl (134) (135) Vincent Frouin (53) Hugh Garavan (185) Sudheer Giddaluru (33) (34) David C. Glahn (10) (9) Beata Godlewska (120) Rita Z. Goldstein (175) Randy L. Gollub (46) (54) Hans J. Grabe (11) (127) (55) Oliver Grimm (56) Oliver Gruber (57) Tulio Guadalupe (50) Raquel E. Gur (132) Ruben C. Gur (132) (133) Harald H. H. G?ring (14) Saskia Hagenaars (58) Tomas Hajek (119) Geoffrey B. Hall (138) Jeremy Hall (157) (58) John Hardy (59) Catharina A. Hartman (61) Johanna Hass (47) Sean N. Hatton (107) Unn K. Haukvik (114) (12) Katrin Hegenscheid (60) Andreas Heinz (48) Ian B. Hickie (107) Beng-Choon Ho (15) David Hoehn (20) Pieter J. Hoekstra (61) Marisa Hollinshead (106) (46) Avram J. Holmes (106) (46) (54) Georg Homuth (62) Martine Hoogman (4) L. Elliot Hong (69) Norbert Hosten (60) Jouke-Jan Hottenga (22) Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol (24) Kristy S. Hwang (159) Clifford R. Jack Jr (173) Mark Jenkinson (103) Caroline Johnston (63) (64) Erik G. J?nsson (65) René S. Kahn (24) Dalia Kasperaviciute (66) Sinead Kelly (45) Sungeun Kim (68) Peter Kochunov (69) Laura Koenders (112) Bernd Kr?mer (57) John B. J. Kwok (104) (105) (158) Jim Lagopoulos (107) Gonzalo Laje (153) Mikael Landen (149) (150) Bennett A. Landman (146) John Lauriello (171) Stephen M. Lawrie (58) Phil H. Lee (3) (54) (70) Stephanie Le Hellard (12) (33) Herve Lema?tre (163) Cassandra D. Leonardo (1) Chiang-shan Li (10) Benny Liberg (65) David C. Liewald (17) Xinmin Liu (71) (72) Lorna M. Lopez (17) (41) Eva Loth (73) Anbarasu Lourdusamy (167) Michelle Luciano (17) Fabio Macciardi (183) (74) Marise W. J. Machielsen (112) Glenda M. MacQueen (154) Ulrik F. Malt (140) (141) René Mandl (24) Dara S. Manoach (46) (54) Jean-Luc Martinot (163) Mar Matarin (66) Karen A. Mather (75) Manuel Mattheisen (76) (77) Morten Mattingsdal (12) (78) Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg (56) Colm McDonald (30) Andrew M. McIntosh (58) Francis J. McMahon (71) Katie L. McMahon (79) Eva Meisenzahl (80) Ingrid Melle (12) Yuri Milaneschi (112) (124) Sebastian Mohnke (48) Grant W. Montgomery (2) Derek W. Morris (45) Eric K. Moses (14) (82) Bryon A. Mueller (83) Susana Mu?oz Maniega (17) (18) (19) Thomas W. Mühleisen (35) (36) (37) Bertram Müller-Myhsok (155) (20) Benson Mwangi (121) (122) Matthias Nauck (148) Kwangsik Nho (68) Thomas E. Nichols (144) Lars-G?ran Nilsson (136) (84) Allison C. Nugent (147) Lars Nyberg (85) Rene L. Olvera (86) Jaap Oosterlaan (115) Roel A. Ophoff (24) (31) Massimo Pandolfo (42) Melina Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou (58) Martina Papmeyer (58) Tomas Paus (87) Zdenka Pausova (88) Godfrey D. Pearlson (11) (172) Brenda W. Penninx (112) (81) Charles P. Peterson (14) Andrea Pfennig (126) Mary Phillips (118) G. Bruce Pike (143) Jean-Baptiste Poline (170) Steven G. Potkin (74) Benno Pütz (20) Adaikalavan Ramasamy (116) (90) Jerod Rasmussen (74) Marcella Rietschel (56) Mark Rijpkema (5) Shannon L. Risacher (142) (68) Joshua L. Roffman (54) Roberto Roiz-Santia?ez (39) (40) Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth (48) Emma J. Rose (174) Natalie A. Royle (17) (19) Dan Rujescu (176) Mina Ryten (59) (90) Perminder S. Sachdev (75) (91) Alireza Salami (169) (85) Theodore D. Satterthwaite (132) Jonathan Savitz (152) (92) Andrew J. Saykin (68) (93) Cathy Scanlon (30) Lianne Schmaal (81) Hugo G. Schnack (24) Andrew J. Schork (113) S. Charles Schulz (83) Remmelt Schür (24) Larry Seidman (128) (94) Li Shen (67) (68) Jody M. Shoemaker (21) Andrew Simmons (95) (96) Sanjay M. Sisodiya (66) Colin Smith (110) Jordan W. Smoller (3) (54) (70) Jair C. Soares (121) Scott R. Sponheim (83) (97) Emma Sprooten (10) John M. Starr (108) (17) Vidar M. Steen (12) (33) Stephen Strakowski (131) Lachlan Strike (2) Jessika Sussmann (58) Philipp G. S?mann (20) Alexander Teumer (62) Arthur W. Toga (1) Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez (39) (40) Daniah Trabzuni (164) (59) Sarah Trost (57) Jessica Turner (137) (21) Martijn Van den Heuvel (24) Nic J. van der Wee (89) Kristel van Eijk (165) Theo G. M. van Erp (74) Neeltje E. M. van Haren (24) Dennis van ‘t Ent (22) Marie-Jose van Tol (98) Maria C. Valdés Hernández (17) (19) Dick J. Veltman (81) Amelia Versace (118) Henry V?lzke (99) Robert Walker (109) Henrik Walter (125) (48) Lei Wang (145) Joanna M. Wardlaw (17) (18) (19) Michael E. Weale (90) Michael W. Weiner (100) Wei Wen (75) Lars T. Westlye (12) (49) Heather C. Whalley (58) Christopher D. Whelan (13) Tonya White (101) Anderson M. Winkler (10) (103) Katharina Wittfeld (55) Girma Woldehawariat (71) Christiane Wolf (20) David Zilles (57) Marcel P. Zwiers (102) (5) Anbupalam Thalamuthu (186) Peter R. Schofield (104) (105) Nelson B. Freimer (187) Natalia S. Lawrence (188) Wayne Drevets (189)
关键词：Genetics ; MRI ; GWAS ; Consortium ; Meta ; analysis ; Multi ; site
刊名：Brain Imaging and Behavior
出版年：2014
出版时间：June 2014
年：2014
卷：8
期：2
页码：153-182
全文大小：
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作者单位：Paul M. Thompson (1) Jason L. Stein (178) Sarah E. Medland (179) Derrek P. Hibar (1) Alejandro Arias Vasquez (4) (5) Miguel E. Renteria (179) Roberto Toro (6) (7) (8) Neda Jahanshad (1) Gunter Schumann (73) Barbara Franke (4) (5) Margaret J. Wright (181) Nicholas G. Martin (180) Ingrid Agartz (141) (65) Martin Alda (119) Saud Alhusaini (117) (13) Laura Almasy (14) Jorge Almeida (118) (119) Kathryn Alpert (145) Nancy C. Andreasen (15) Ole A. Andreassen (12) Liana G. Apostolova (16) Katja Appel (11) Nicola J. Armstrong (166) Benjamin Aribisala (17) (18) (19) Mark E. Bastin (110) (17) (19) Michael Bauer (126) Carrie E. Bearden (123) (182) ?rjan Bergmann (141) Elisabeth B. Binder (20) John Blangero (14) Henry J. Bockholt (177) Erlend B?en (140) (141) Catherine Bois (58) Dorret I. Boomsma (112) (22) Tom Booth (17) Ian J. Bowman (1) Janita Bralten (23) (4) (5) Rachel M. Brouwer (24) Han G. Brunner (4) David G. Brohawn (70) Randy L. Buckner (106) (25) Jan Buitelaar (26) (5) Kazima Bulayeva (27) Juan R. Bustillo (28) Vince D. Calhoun (21) (29) Dara M. Cannon (30) Rita M. Cantor (31) Melanie A. Carless (14) Xavier Caseras (156) Gianpiero L. Cavalleri (13) M. Mallar Chakravarty (151) (32) Kiki D. Chang (168) Christopher R. K. Ching (1) Andrea Christoforou (12) (33) Sven Cichon (36) (37) (38) Vincent P. Clark (139) Patricia Conrod (160) (161) Giovanni Coppola (123) (16) Benedicto Crespo-Facorro (39) (40) Joanne E. Curran (14) Michael Czisch (20) Ian J. Deary (17) Eco J. C. de Geus (112) (22) Anouk den Braber (22) Giuseppe Delvecchio (73) Chantal Depondt (42) Lieuwe de Haan (112) Greig I. de Zubicaray (43) Danai Dima (73) Rali Dimitrova (58) Srdjan Djurovic (12) (44) Hongwei Dong (1) Gary Donohoe (30) (45) Ravindranath Duggirala (14) Thomas D. Dyer (14) Stefan Ehrlich (46) (47) Carl Johan Ekman (65) Torbj?rn Elvs?shagen (140) (141) Louise Emsell (30) Susanne Erk (48) Thomas Espeseth (12) (49) Jesen Fagerness (25) (70) Scott Fears (123) (31) Iryna Fedko (22) Guillén Fernández (23) Simon E. Fisher (5) (50) Tatiana Foroud (93) Peter T. Fox (162) (51) (52) Clyde Francks (5) (50) Sophia Frangou (130) Eva Maria Frey (134) Thomas Frodl (134) (135) Vincent Frouin (53) Hugh Garavan (185) Sudheer Giddaluru (33) (34) David C. Glahn (10) (9) Beata Godlewska (120) Rita Z. Goldstein (175) Randy L. Gollub (46) (54) Hans J. Grabe (11) (127) (55) Oliver Grimm (56) Oliver Gruber (57) Tulio Guadalupe (50) Raquel E. Gur (132) Ruben C. Gur (132) (133) Harald H. H. G?ring (14) Saskia Hagenaars (58) Tomas Hajek (119) Geoffrey B. Hall (138) Jeremy Hall (157) (58) John Hardy (59) Catharina A. Hartman (61) Johanna Hass (47) Sean N. Hatton (107) Unn K. Haukvik (114) (12) Katrin Hegenscheid (60) Andreas Heinz (48) Ian B. Hickie (107) Beng-Choon Ho (15) David Hoehn (20) Pieter J. Hoekstra (61) Marisa Hollinshead (106) (46) Avram J. Holmes (106) (46) (54) Georg Homuth (62) Martine Hoogman (4) L. Elliot Hong (69) Norbert Hosten (60) Jouke-Jan Hottenga (22) Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol (24) Kristy S. Hwang (159) Clifford R. Jack Jr (173) Mark Jenkinson (103) Caroline Johnston (63) (64) Erik G. J?nsson (65) René S. Kahn (24) Dalia Kasperaviciute (66) Sinead Kelly (45) Sungeun Kim (68) Peter Kochunov (69) Laura Koenders (112) Bernd Kr?mer (57) John B. J. Kwok (104) (105) (158) Jim Lagopoulos (107) Gonzalo Laje (153) Mikael Landen (149) (150) Bennett A. Landman (146) John Lauriello (171) Stephen M. Lawrie (58) Phil H. Lee (3) (54) (70) Stephanie Le Hellard (12) (33) Herve Lema?tre (163) Cassandra D. Leonardo (1) Chiang-shan Li (10) Benny Liberg (65) David C. Liewald (17) Xinmin Liu (71) (72) Lorna M. Lopez (17) (41) Eva Loth (73) Anbarasu Lourdusamy (167) Michelle Luciano (17) Fabio Macciardi (183) (74) Marise W. J. Machielsen (112) Glenda M. MacQueen (154) Ulrik F. Malt (140) (141) René Mandl (24) Dara S. Manoach (46) (54) Jean-Luc Martinot (163) Mar Matarin (66) Karen A. Mather (75) Manuel Mattheisen (76) (77) Morten Mattingsdal (12) (78) Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg (56) Colm McDonald (30) Andrew M. McIntosh (58) Francis J. McMahon (71) Katie L. McMahon (79) Eva Meisenzahl (80) Ingrid Melle (12) Yuri Milaneschi (112) (124) Sebastian Mohnke (48) Grant W. Montgomery (2) Derek W. Morris (45) Eric K. Moses (14) (82) Bryon A. Mueller (83) Susana Mu?oz Maniega (17) (18) (19) Thomas W. Mühleisen (35) (36) (37) Bertram Müller-Myhsok (155) (20) Benson Mwangi (121) (122) Matthias Nauck (148) Kwangsik Nho (68) Thomas E. Nichols (144) Lars-G?ran Nilsson (136) (84) Allison C. Nugent (147) Lars Nyberg (85) Rene L. Olvera (86) Jaap Oosterlaan (115) Roel A. Ophoff (24) (31) Massimo Pandolfo (42) Melina Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou (58) Martina Papmeyer (58) Tomas Paus (87) Zdenka Pausova (88) Godfrey D. Pearlson (11) (172) Brenda W. Penninx (112) (81) Charles P. Peterson (14) Andrea Pfennig (126) Mary Phillips (118) G. Bruce Pike (143) Jean-Baptiste Poline (170) Steven G. Potkin (74) Benno Pütz (20) Adaikalavan Ramasamy (116) (90) Jerod Rasmussen (74) Marcella Rietschel (56) Mark Rijpkema (5) Shannon L. Risacher (142) (68) Joshua L. Roffman (54) Roberto Roiz-Santia?ez (39) (40) Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth (48) Emma J. Rose (174) Natalie A. Royle (17) (19) Dan Rujescu (176) Mina Ryten (59) (90) Perminder S. Sachdev (75) (91) Alireza Salami (169) (85) Theodore D. Satterthwaite (132) Jonathan Savitz (152) (92) Andrew J. Saykin (68) (93) Cathy Scanlon (30) Lianne Schmaal (81) Hugo G. Schnack (24) Andrew J. Schork (113) S. Charles Schulz (83) Remmelt Schür (24) Larry Seidman (128) (94) Li Shen (67) (68) Jody M. Shoemaker (21) Andrew Simmons (95) (96) Sanjay M. Sisodiya (66) Colin Smith (110) Jordan W. Smoller (3) (54) (70) Jair C. Soares (121) Scott R. Sponheim (83) (97) Emma Sprooten (10) John M. Starr (108) (17) Vidar M. Steen (12) (33) Stephen Strakowski (131) Lachlan Strike (2) Jessika Sussmann (58) Philipp G. S?mann (20) Alexander Teumer (62) Arthur W. Toga (1) Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez (39) (40) Daniah Trabzuni (164) (59) Sarah Trost (57) Jessica Turner (137) (21) Martijn Van den Heuvel (24) Nic J. van der Wee (89) Kristel van Eijk (165) Theo G. M. van Erp (74) Neeltje E. M. van Haren (24) Dennis van ‘t Ent (22) Marie-Jose van Tol (98) Maria C. Valdés Hernández (17) (19) Dick J. Veltman (81) Amelia Versace (118) Henry V?lzke (99) Robert Walker (109) Henrik Walter (125) (48) Lei Wang (145) Joanna M. Wardlaw (17) (18) (19) Michael E. Weale (90) Michael W. Weiner (100) Wei Wen (75) Lars T. Westlye (12) (49) Heather C. Whalley (58) Christopher D. Whelan (13) Tonya White (101) Anderson M. Winkler (10) (103) Katharina Wittfeld (55) Girma Woldehawariat (71) Christiane Wolf (20) David Zilles (57) Marcel P. Zwiers (102) (5) Anbupalam Thalamuthu (186) Peter R. Schofield (104) (105) Nelson B. Freimer (187) Natalia S. Lawrence (188) Wayne Drevets (189) 1. Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA 178. Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, Netherlands 179. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Quantitative Genetics, Brisbane, Australia 4. Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 5. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 6. Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 7. CNRS URA 2182 ‘Genes, synapses and cognition- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 8. Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France 73. MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK 181. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Neuroimaging Genetics, Brisbane, Australia 180. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Genetic Epidemiology, Brisbane, Australia 141. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 65. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden 119. Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 117. Department of Neurology and NeuroSurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 13. Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland 14. Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA 118. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 145. Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA 15. Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 12. NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 16. Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA 11. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 166. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 17. Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, UK 18. Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Scotland, UK 19. Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 110. Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 126. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden, Germany 123. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and the Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA 182. Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA 20. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany 177. Advanced Biomedical Informatics Group, llc., Iowa City, IA, USA 140. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 58. Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 112. EMGO-?Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 22. Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 23. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 24. Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands 70. Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 106. Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 25. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 26. Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 27. N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin str. 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia 28. Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA 21. The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA 29. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA 30. Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland 31. Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 156. MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK 151. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 32. The Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada 168. Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA 33. Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 36. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany 37. Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany 38. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 139. Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA 160. CHU Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada 161. Addictions Department, King’s Health Partners, King’s College London, London, UK 39. Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IFIMAV, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain 40. Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain 42. Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium 43. School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia 44. Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 45. Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland 46. MGH/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA 47. University Hospital C.G. Carus, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany 48. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitè Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany 49. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 50. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 93. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA 162. South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA 51. Research Imaging Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA 52. South Texas Veterans Health Care Center, San Antonio, TX, USA 130. Psychosis Research Unit, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 134. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany 135. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Trinity College, University Dublin, Dublin, Germany 53. Neurospin, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Paris, France 185. Department of Psychiatry, UHC University of Vermont, Bergen, VT, USA 34. Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway 10. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 9. Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA 120. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 175. Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA 54. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 127. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany 55. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 56. Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany 57. Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany 132. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 133. Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA 138. Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada 157. Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK 59. Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute, London, UK 61. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands 107. The Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 114. Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway 60. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 62. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 69. Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 159. Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester Hills, MI, USA 173. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 103. Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 63. National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK 64. King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK 66. Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK 68. Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA 104. Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia 105. School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 158. School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia 153. Maryland Institute for Neuroscience and Development (MIND), Chevy Chase, MD, USA 149. Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 150. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 146. Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 171. Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA 3. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA 163. Research Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, INSERM-CEA-Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud University-Paris Descartes University, Maison de Solenn Paris, SHFJ Orsay, Paris, France 71. Mood and Anxiety Disorders Section, Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA 72. Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 41. Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 167. School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK 183. Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy 74. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 154. Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 75. Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 76. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 77. Department of Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany 78. Research Unit, Sorlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway 79. Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 80. Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany 124. Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA 2. Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia 82. Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia 83. Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA 35. Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany 155. Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany 121. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA 122. University of Texas Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, UT Medical School, Houston, TX, USA 148. Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 144. Department of Statistics & Warwick Manufacturing Group, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK 136. Stockholm Brain Institute, Stockholm, Sweden 84. Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 147. Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 85. Ume? Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Ume? University, Ume?, Sweden 86. Department of Psychiatry, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA 115. Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 87. Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 88. The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 172. Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 81. Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 143. Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 170. Hellen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Brain Imaging Center, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA 116. Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK 90. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK 142. Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA 174. Transdisciplinary and Translational Prevention Program, RTI International, Baltimore, MD, USA 176. Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany 91. Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 169. Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 152. Faculty of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA 92. Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA 113. Cognitive Science Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 128. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 94. Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 67. Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA 95. Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK 96. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK 97. Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA 108. Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 131. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA 164. Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 137. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA 89. Department of Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands 165. Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands 98. Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands 99. Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 109. Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 125. Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany 100. Departments of Radiology, Medicine, Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA 101. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 102. Radboud University NijmegenDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 186. Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia 187. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA 188. School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK 189. Janssen Research & Development, of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ, 08560, USA
ISSN：1931-7565

文摘

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA’s first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.

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