Integrated GPR and ERT as Enhanced Detection for Subsurface Historical Structures Inside Babylonian Houses Site, Uruk City, Southern Iraq

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• 作者：Emad H. Al-Khersan ; Jassim M. T. Al-Ani ; Salah N. Abrahem
• 关键词：Uruk ; Al ; Muthanna ; GPR and 2D ; imaging ; Babylon ; remains ; Emad Al ; Khersan ; Gilgamesh
• 刊名：Pure and Applied Geophysics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：173
• 期：3
• 页码：963-982
• 全文大小：8,678 KB
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• 作者单位：Emad H. Al-Khersan (1)
  Jassim M. T. Al-Ani (2)
  Salah N. Abrahem (3)
  
  1. Geology Department, College of Science, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq
  2. Geology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  3. Physics Department, College of Science, University of Al-Muthanna, Al-Muthana, Iraq
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  
• 出版者：Birkh盲user Basel
• ISSN：1420-9136

文摘

Uruk archaeological site, which located in Al-Muthanna Governorate southern Iraq, was investigated by integrated geophysical methods, ground penetration radar (GPR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT) to image the historical buried structures. The GPR images show large radar attributes characterized by its continuous reflections having different widths. GPR attributes at shallower depth are mainly representing the upper part of Babylonian Houses that can often be found throughout the study area. In addition, radargrams characterized objects such as buried items, buried trenches and pits which were mainly concentrated near the surface. The ERT results show the presence of several anomalies at different depths generally having low resistivities. It is clear that the first upper zone can be found throughout the whole area and it may represent the top zone of the Babylonian houses. This zone is characterized by its dry clay and sandy soil containing surface broken bricks and slag mixed with core boulders. The second one underneath the top shows a prominent lower resistivity zone. It is probably caused by the moisture content that reduces the resistivity. The thickness of this zone is not equal at all parts of the site. The third deeper zone typically represents the archaeological walls. Most of the main anomalies perhaps referred to the buried clay brick walls. The map of the archaeological anomalies distribution and 3D view of the foundations at the study area using GPR and ERT techniques clearly show the characteristics of the Babylonian remains. A contour map and 3D view of Uruk show that the archaeological anomalies are concentrated mainly at the NE part of the district with higher values of wall height that range between 6 and 8 m and reach to more than 10 m. At the other directions, there are fewer walls with lower heights of 4–6 m and reach in some places the wall foot.