Management of Functional Constipation in Children: Therapy in Practice

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Ilan J. N. Koppen ; Laureen A. Lammers ; Marc A. Benninga…
• 刊名：Pediatric Drugs
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：October 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：17
• 期：5
• 页码：349-360
• 全文大小：571 KB
• 参考文献：1.Mugie SM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of constipation in children and adults: a systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;25:3鈥?8.CrossRef PubMed
  2.Dehghani SM, Kulouee N, Honar N, Imanieh M-H, Haghighat M, Javaherizadeh H. Clinical manifestations among children with chronic functional constipation. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2015;7:31鈥?.PubMed Central PubMed
  3.Faleiros FT, Machado NC. Assessment of health-related quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82:421鈥?.
  4.Voskuijl WP, van der Zaag-Loonen HJ, Ketel IJ, Grootenhuis MA, Derkx BH, Benninga MA. Health related quality of life in disorders of defecation: the Defecation Disorder List. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:1124鈥?.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  5.Bongers MEJ, Benninga MA, Maurice-Stam H, Grootenhuis MA. Health-related quality of life in young adults with symptoms of constipation continuing from childhood into adulthood. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:20.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  6.Clarke MCC, Chow CS, Chase JW, Gibb S, Hutson JM, Southwell BR. Quality of life in children with slow transit constipation. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:320鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  7.Kaugars AS, Silverman A, Kinservik M, Heinze S, Reinemann L, Sander M, et al. Families鈥?perspectives on the effect of constipation and fecal incontinence on quality of life. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;51:747鈥?2.CrossRef PubMed
  8.Belsey J, Greenfield S, Candy D, Geraint M. Systematic review: impact of constipation on quality of life in adults and children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31:938鈥?9.PubMed
  9.Silverman AH, Berlin KS, Di Lorenzo C, Nurko S, Kamody RC, Ponnambalam A, et al. Measuring health-related quality of life with the Parental Opinions of Pediatric Constipation Questionnaire. J Pediatr Psychol. 2015. doi:10.鈥?093/鈥媕pepsy/鈥媕sv028 .
  10.Baker SS, Liptak GS, Colletti RB, Croffie JM, Di Lorenzo C, Ector W, et al. Constipation in infants and children: evaluation and treatment. A medical position statement of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999;29:612鈥?6.CrossRef PubMed
  11.Choung RS, Shah ND, Chitkara D, Branda ME, Van Tilburg MA, Whitehead WE, et al. Direct medical costs of constipation from childhood to early adulthood: a population-based birth cohort study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52:47鈥?4.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  12.Ansari H, Ansari Z, Lim T, Hutson JM, Southwell BR. Factors relating to hospitalisation and economic burden of paediatric constipation in the state of Victoria, Australia, 2002鈥?009. J Paediatr Child Health. 2014;50:993鈥?.PubMed
  13.Liem O, Harman J, Benninga M, Kelleher K, Mousa H, Di Lorenzo C. Health utilization and cost impact of childhood constipation in the United States. J Pediatr. 2009;154:258鈥?2.CrossRef PubMed
  14.Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1527鈥?7.CrossRef PubMed
  15.Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, Faure C, Langendam MW, Nurko S, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58:258鈥?4.CrossRef PubMed
  16.Castiglia PT. Constipation in children. J Pediatr Health Care. 2001;15:200鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  17.Mugie SM, Di Lorenzo C, Benninga MA. Constipation in childhood. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;8:502鈥?1.CrossRef PubMed
  18.McKeown C, Hisle-Gorman E, Eide M, Gorman GH, Nylund CM. Association of constipation and fecal incontinence with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2013;132:e1210鈥?.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  19.Peeters B, Noens I, Philips EM, Kuppens S, Benninga MA. Autism spectrum disorders in children with functional defecation disorders. J Pediatr. 2013;163:873鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  20.Van Dijk M, de Vries G-J, Last BF, Benninga MA, Grootenhuis MA. Parental child-rearing attitudes are associated with functional constipation in childhood. Arch Dis Child. 2014;100:329鈥?3.CrossRef PubMed
  21.Lane MM, Czyzewski DI, Chumpitazi BP, Shulman RJ. Reliability and validity of a modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for Children. J Pediatr. 2011;159(437鈥?1):e1.PubMed
  22.Van Der Plas RN, Benninga MA, Redekop WK, Taminiau JA, Buller HA. How accurate is the recall of bowel habits in children with defaecation disorders? Eur J Pediatr. 1997;156:178鈥?1.CrossRef PubMed
  23.Lahoti SL, McClain N, Girardet R, McNeese M, Cheung K. Evaluating the child for sexual abuse. Am Fam Physician. 2001;63:883鈥?2.PubMed
  24.Benninga MA, Buller HA, Staalman CR, Gubler FM, Bossuyt PM, van der Plas RN, et al. Defaecation disorders in children, colonic transit time versus the Barr-score. Eur J Pediatr. 1995;154:277鈥?4 (1995/04/01 ed.).
  25.Benninga MA, Voskuijl WP, Taminiau JAJM. Childhood constipation: is there new light in the tunnel? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;39:448鈥?4.CrossRef PubMed
  26.De Lorijn F, van Wijk MP, Reitsma JB, van Ginkel R, Taminiau JAJM, Benninga MA. Prognosis of constipation: clinical factors and colonic transit time. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:723鈥?.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  27.Belkind-Gerson J, Tran K, Di Lorenzo C. Novel techniques to study colonic motor function in children. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2013;15:335.CrossRef PubMed
  28.Berger MY, Tabbers MM, Kurver MJ, Boluyt N, Benninga MA. Value of abdominal radiography, colonic transit time, and rectal ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of idiopathic constipation in children: a systematic review. J Pediatr. 2012;161(44鈥?0):e1鈥?.
  29.Van der Plas RN, Benninga MA, Taminiau JA, B眉ller HA. Treatment of defaecation problems in children: the role of education, demystification and toilet training. Eur J Pediatr. 1997;156:689鈥?2.CrossRef PubMed
  30.Dwyer JT. Dietary fiber for children: how much? Pediatrics. 1995;96:1019鈥?2.PubMed
  31.Williams CL, Bollella M, Wynder EL. A new recommendation for dietary fiber in childhood. Pediatrics. 1995;96:985鈥?.PubMed
  32.Morais MB, V铆tolo MR, Aguirre AN, Fagundes-Neto U. Measurement of low dietary fiber intake as a risk factor for chronic constipation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999;29:132鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  33.Castillejo G, Bull贸 M, Anguera A, Escribano J, Salas-Salvad贸 J. A controlled, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the effect of a supplement of cocoa husk that is rich in dietary fiber on colonic transit in constipated pediatric patients. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e641鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  34.Kokke FTM, Scholtens PAMJ, Alles MS, Decates TS, Fiselier TJW, Tolboom JJM, et al. A dietary fiber mixture versus lactulose in the treatment of childhood constipation: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;47:592鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  35.Quitadamo P, Coccorullo P, Giannetti E, Romano C, Chiaro A, Campanozzi A, et al. A randomized, prospective, comparison study of a mixture of acacia fiber, psyllium fiber, and fructose vs polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes for the treatment of chronic functional constipation in childhood. J Pediatr. 2012;161(710鈥?):e1.PubMed
  36.Loening-Baucke V, Miele E, Staiano A. Fiber (glucomannan) is beneficial in the treatment of childhood constipation. Pediatrics. 2004;113:e259鈥?4.CrossRef PubMed
  37.Weber TK, Toporovski MS, Tahan S, Neufeld CB, de Morais MB. Dietary fiber mixture in pediatric patients with controlled chronic constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58:297鈥?02.CrossRef PubMed
  38.Tabbers MM, Benninga MA. Constipation in children: fibre and probiotics. Systematic review 303. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015. http://鈥媍linicalevidence鈥?鈥媌mj.鈥媍om/鈥媥/鈥媠ystematic-review/鈥?303/鈥媜verview.鈥媓tml . Accessed 28 July 2015.
  39.European Food Safety Authority. Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for water. EFSA J. 2010;8(3):1459.
  40.Jennings A, Davies GJ, Costarelli V, Dettmar PW. Dietary fibre, fluids and physical activity in relation to constipation symptoms in pre-adolescent children. J Child Health Care. 2009;13:116鈥?7.CrossRef PubMed
  41.Driessen LM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Wijtzes A, de Vries SI, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, et al. Preschool physical activity and functional constipation: the Generation聽R Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57:768鈥?4.CrossRef PubMed
  42.Benninga MA, Voskuijl WP, Akkerhuis GW, Taminiau JA, Buller HA. Colonic transit times and behaviour profiles in children with defecation disorders. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:13鈥?.PubMed Central PubMed
  43.Van Dijk M, Benninga MA, Grootenhuis MA, Last BF. Prevalence and associated clinical characteristics of behavior problems in constipated children. Pediatrics. 2010;125:e309鈥?7.CrossRef PubMed
  44.Van Dijk M, Bongers MEJ, de Vries G-J, Grootenhuis MA, Last BF, Benninga MA. Behavioral therapy for childhood constipation: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e1334鈥?1.CrossRef PubMed
  45.Rao SSC, Benninga MA, Bharucha AE, Chiarioni G, Di Lorenzo C, Whitehead WE. ANMS-ESNM position paper and consensus guidelines on biofeedback therapy for anorectal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;27:594鈥?09.CrossRef PubMed
  46.Tabbers MM, Boluyt N, Berger MY, Benninga MA. Constipation in children. BMJ Clin Evid. 2010;4:303.
  47.Tabbers MM, Boluyt N, Berger MY, Benninga MA. Clinical practice: diagnosis and treatment of functional constipation. Eur J Pediatr. 2011;170:955鈥?3.CrossRef PubMed
  48.Bekkali N-L-H, van den Berg M-M, Dijkgraaf MGW, van Wijk MP, Bongers MEJ, Liem O, et al. Rectal fecal impaction treatment in childhood constipation: enemas versus high doses oral PEG. Pediatrics. 2009;124:e1108鈥?5.
  49.Youssef NN, Peters JM, Henderson W, Shultz-Peters S, Lockhart DK, Di Lorenzo C. Dose response of PEG 3350 for the treatment of childhood fecal impaction. J Pediatr. 2002;141:410鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  50.Candy DCA, Edwards D, Geraint M. Treatment of faecal impaction with polyethelene glycol plus electrolytes (PGE聽+聽E) followed by a double-blind comparison of PEG聽+聽E versus lactulose as maintenance therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006;43:65鈥?0.CrossRef PubMed
  51.Pijpers MAM, Bongers MEJ, Benninga MA, Berger MY. Functional constipation in children: a systematic review on prognosis and predictive factors. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50:256鈥?8.CrossRef PubMed
  52.Felt B, Wise CG, Olson A, Kochhar P, Marcus S, Coran A. Guideline for the management of pediatric idiopathic constipation and soiling. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:380鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  53.Gordon M, Naidoo K, Akobeng AK, Thomas AG. Cochrane review: osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation. Evid Based Child Health. 2013;8:57鈥?09.CrossRef PubMed
  54.Brady CE, DiPalma JA, Morawski SG, Santa Ana CA, Fordtran JS. Urinary excretion of polyethylene glycol 3350 and sulfate after gut lavage with a polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution. Gastroenterology. 1986;90:1914鈥?.PubMed
  55.Lee-Robichaud H, Thomas K, Morgan J, Nelson RL. Lactulose versus polyethylene glycol for chronic constipation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(7):CD007570.
  56.Treepongkaruna S, Simakachorn N, Pienvichit P, Varavithya W, Tongpenyai Y, Garnier P, et al. A randomised, double-blind study of polyethylene glycol 4000 and lactulose in the treatment of constipation in children. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:153.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  57.Chen S-L, Cai S-R, Deng L, Zhang X-H, Luo T-D, Peng J-J, et al. Efficacy and complications of polyethylene glycols for treatment of constipation in children: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014;93:e65.CrossRef PubMed
  58.Pashankar DS, Bishop WP, Loening-Baucke V. Long-term efficacy of polyethylene glycol 3350 for the treatment of chronic constipation in children with and without encopresis. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2003;42:815鈥?.CrossRef
  59.Michail S, Gendy E, Preud鈥橦omme D, Mezoff A. Polyethylene glycol for constipation in children younger than eighteen months old. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;39:197鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  60.Loening-Baucke V. Polyethylene glycol without electrolytes for children with constipation and encopresis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;34:372鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  61.Loening-Baucke V, Krishna R, Pashankar DS. Polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes for the treatment of functional constipation in infants and toddlers. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;39:536鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  62.Pashankar DS, Loening-Baucke V, Bishop WP. Safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 for the treatment of chronic constipation in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:661鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  63.Hoekman DR, Benninga MA. Functional constipation in childhood: current pharmacotherapy and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013;14:41鈥?1.CrossRef PubMed
  64.Price KJ, Elliott TM. What is the role of stimulant laxatives in the management of childhood constipation and soiling? Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(3):CD002040.
  65.Plunkett A, Phillips CP, Beattie RM. Management of chronic functional constipation in childhood. Paediatr Drugs. 2007;9:33鈥?6.CrossRef PubMed
  66.Wald A. Is chronic use of stimulant laxatives harmful to the colon? J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003;36:386鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  67.Spiller HA, Winter ML, Weber JA, Krenzelok EP, Anderson DL, Ryan ML. Skin breakdown and blisters from senna-containing laxatives in young children. Ann Pharmacother. 2003;37:636鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  68.Sharif F, Crushell E, O鈥橠riscoll K, Bourke B. Liquid paraffin: a reappraisal of its role in the treatment of constipation. Arch Dis Child. 2001;85:121鈥?.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  69.Urganci N, Akyildiz B, Polat TB. A comparative study: the efficacy of liquid paraffin and lactulose in management of chronic functional constipation. Pediatr Int. 2005;47:15鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  70.Farahmand F. A randomised trial of liquid paraffin versus lactulose in the treatment of chronic functional constipation in children. Acta Med Iran. 2007;45:183鈥?.
  71.Rafati M, Karami H, Salehifar E, Karimzadeh A. Clinical efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 versus liquid paraffin in the treatment of pediatric functional constipation. Daru. 2011;19:154鈥?.PubMed Central PubMed
  72.Sondheimer JM, Gervaise EP. Lubricant versus laxative in the treatment of chronic functional constipation of children: a comparative study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1982;1:223鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  73.Bandla HP, Davis SH, Hopkins NE. Lipoid pneumonia: a silent complication of mineral oil aspiration. Pediatrics. 1999;103:E19.CrossRef PubMed
  74.Zanetti G, Marchiori E, Gasparetto TD, Escuissato DL, Soares Souza A. Lipoid pneumonia in children following aspiration of mineral oil used in the treatment of constipation: high-resolution CT findings in 17 patients. Pediatr Radiol. 2007;37:1135鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  75.Van Wering HM, Tabbers MM, Benninga MA. Are constipation drugs effective and safe to be used in children? A review of the literature. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012;11:71鈥?2.CrossRef PubMed
  76.Pacilli M, Pallot D, Andrews A, Downer A, Dale L, Willetts I. Use of Peristeen庐 transanal colonic irrigation for bowel management in children: a single-center experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2014;49:269鈥?2 (discussion 272).
  77.Choi EK, Han SW, Shin SH, Ji Y, Chon JH, Im YJ. Long-term outcome of transanal irrigation for children with spina bifida. Spinal Cord. 2014;53:216鈥?0.
  78.Marte A, Borrelli M. Transanal irrigation and intestinal transit time in children with myelomeningocele. Minerva Pediatr. 2013;65:287鈥?3.PubMed
  79.Choi EK, Shin SH, Im YJ, Kim MJ, Han SW. The effects of transanal irrigation as a stepwise bowel management program on the quality of life of children with spina bifida and their caregivers. Spinal Cord. 2013;51:384鈥?.CrossRef PubMed
  80.Corbett P, Denny A, Dick K, Malone PS, Griffin S, Stanton MP. Peristeen integrated transanal irrigation system successfully treats faecal incontinence in children. J Pediatr Urol. 2014;10:219鈥?2.CrossRef PubMed
  81.Alenezi H, Alhazmi H, Trbay M, Khattab A, Neel KF. Peristeen anal irrigation as a substitute for the MACE procedure in children who are in need of reconstructive bladder surgery. Can Urol Assoc J. 2014;8:E12鈥?.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  82.M盲rzheuser S, Grauel F, Rothe K. Treatment for fecal incontinence in patients with anorectal malformations. Introduction of a therapeutic approach [in German]. Pflege Z. 2013;66:612鈥?.PubMed
  83.Nasher O, Hill RE, Peeraully R, Wright A, Singh SJ. Peristeen漏 transanal irrigation system for paediatric faecal incontinence: a single centre experience. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2014:954315.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  84.Ford AC, Suares NC. Effect of laxatives and pharmacological therapies in chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2011;60:209鈥?8.CrossRef PubMed
  85.Hyman PE, Di Lorenzo C, Prestridge LL, Youssef NN, Ueno R. Lubiprostone for the treatment of functional constipation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58:283鈥?1.CrossRef PubMed
  86.Love BL, Johnson A, Smith LS. Linaclotide: a novel agent for chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2014;71:1081鈥?1.CrossRef PubMed
  87.Parker CH, Yuan Y, Liu LWC. Linaclotide: a new option for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation in adults. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2013;6:21鈥?2.PubMed Central PubMed
  88.Diederen K, Mugie SM, Benninga MA. Efficacy and safety of prucalopride in adults and children with chronic constipation. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015;16:407鈥?6.PubMed
  89.Winter HS, Di Lorenzo C, Benninga MA, Gilger MA, Kearns GL, Hyman PE, et al. Oral prucalopride in children with functional constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57:197鈥?03.CrossRef PubMed
  90.Johnson CL, Versalovic J. The human microbiome and its potential importance to pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2012;129:950鈥?0.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  91.Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI. The Human Microbiome Project. Nature. 2007;449:804鈥?0.CrossRef PubMed Central PubMed
  92.Wopereis H, Oozeer R, Knipping K, Belzer C, Knol J. The first thousand days鈥攊ntestinal microbiology of early life: establishing a symbiosis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014;25:428鈥?8.CrossRef PubMed
  93.Hayashi H, Sakamoto M, Benno Y. Phylogenetic analysis of the human gut microbiota using 16S rDNA clone libraries and strictly anaerobic culture-based methods. Microbiol Immunol. 2002;46:535鈥?8.CrossRef PubMed
  94.Chmielewska A, Szajewska H. Systematic review of randomised controlled trials: probiotics for functional constipation. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:69鈥?5.PubMed Central PubMed
  95.Korterink JJ, Ockeloen L, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM, Hilbink M, Deckers-Kocken JM. Probiotics for childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2014;103:365鈥?2.CrossRef PubMed
  96.Michaud L, Lamblin M-D, Mairesse S, Turck D, Gottrand F. Outcome of functional constipation in childhood: a 10-year follow-up study. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2009;48:26鈥?1.
  97.Van Ginkel R, Reitsma JB, B眉ller HA, van Wijk MP, Taminiau JAJM, Benninga MA. Childhood constipation: longitudinal follow-up beyond puberty. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:357鈥?3.CrossRef PubMed
  98.Bongers MEJ, van Wijk MP, Reitsma JB, Benninga MA. Long-term prognosis for childhood constipation: clinical outcomes in adulthood. Pediatrics. 2010;126:e156鈥?2.CrossRef PubMed
  99.Siminas S, Losty PD. Current surgical management of pediatric idiopathic constipation: a systematic review of published studies. Ann Surg. 2015. doi:10.鈥?097/鈥婼LA.鈥?000000000001191鈥?/span> .
  
• 作者单位：Ilan J. N. Koppen (1)
  Laureen A. Lammers (2)
  Marc A. Benninga (1)
  Merit M. Tabbers (1)
  
  1. Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children鈥檚 Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Room C2-312, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  2. Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  
• 刊物主题：Pediatrics; Pharmacotherapy; Internal Medicine;
• 出版者：Springer International Publishing
• ISSN：1179-2019

文摘

Functional constipation is a common healthcare problem among children worldwide and accounts for high healthcare usage and costs. Functional constipation is a clinical diagnosis; the evaluation primarily consists of a thorough medical history and a complete physical examination. Additional investigations are not necessary in most cases. Treatment consists of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological interventions involve education and demystification, toilet training (with a reward system), and a defecation diary. Pharmacological treatment comprises three steps: disimpaction, maintenance treatment, and weaning. The treatment of first choice is oral laxatives, preferably polyethylene glycol. When this is insufficient, other therapeutic agents are available. This review discusses the evaluation and management of functional constipation in the pediatric population and provides a summary of drug treatment options.