The linear plastid chromosomes of maize: terminal sequences, structures, and implications for DNA replication

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• 作者：Delene J. Oldenburg ; Arnold J. Bendich
• 关键词：GC skew ; Herpes simplex virus ; Chloroplast DNA ; Recombination ; dependent replication ; Telomeres
• 刊名：Current Genetics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：May 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：62
• 期：2
• 页码：431-442
• 全文大小：1,201 KB
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• 作者单位：Delene J. Oldenburg (1)
  Arnold J. Bendich (1)
  
  1. Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, WA, 98195-5325, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Life Sciences
  Microbial Genetics and Genomics
  Microbiology
  Biochemistry
  Cell Biology
  Plant Sciences
  Proteomics
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0983

文摘

The structure of a chromosomal DNA molecule may influence the way in which it is replicated and inherited. For decades plastid DNA (ptDNA) was believed to be circular, with breakage invoked to explain linear forms found upon extraction from the cell. Recent evidence indicates that ptDNA in vivo consists of linear molecules with discrete termini, although these ends were not characterized. We report the sequences of two terminal regions, End1 and End2, for maize (Zea mays L.) ptDNA. We describe structural features of these terminal regions and similarities found in other plant ptDNAs. The terminal sequences are within inverted repeat regions (leading to four genomic isomers) and adjacent to origins of replication. Conceptually, stem-loop structures may be formed following melting of the double-stranded DNA ends. Exonuclease digestion indicates that the ends in maize are unobstructed, but tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) ends may have a 5′-protein. If the terminal structure of ptDNA molecules influences the retention of ptDNA, the unprotected molecular ends in mature leaves of maize may be more susceptible to degradation in vivo than the protected ends in tobacco. The terminal sequences and cumulative GC skew profiles are nearly identical for maize, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.), with less similarity among other plants. The linear structure is now confirmed for maize ptDNA and inferred for other plants and suggests a virus-like recombination-dependent replication mechanism for ptDNA. Plastid transformation vectors containing the terminal sequences may increase the chances of success in generating transplastomic cereals.