Cloning and characterization of the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPS) responsible for carotenoid biosynthesis in Pyropia umbilicalis

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• 作者：Li-En Yang ; Xing-Qi Huang ; Qin-Qin Lu ; Jian-Yi Zhu ; Shan Lu
• 关键词：Pyropia umbilicalis ; Geranylgeranyl diphosphate ; GGPP ; GGPP synthase ; Carotenoid metabolism
• 刊名：Journal of Applied Phycology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：28
• 期：1
• 页码：671-678
• 全文大小：1,776 KB
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• 作者单位：Li-En Yang (1) (2)
  Xing-Qi Huang (1)
  Qin-Qin Lu (2)
  Jian-Yi Zhu (3)
  Shan Lu (1)
  
  1. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
  2. Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, 226007, China
  3. School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
  
• 刊物主题：Plant Sciences; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Plant Physiology; Ecology;
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-5176

文摘

Carotenoid metabolism in red algae is not well understood. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), synthesized by GGPP synthase (GGPS), is a precursor for the biosynthesis of many biologically important metabolites, including carotenoids and chlorophylls. GGPSs have been functionally characterized in many organisms, but not in species of the primitive red algal order Bangiales. Here, we cloned and characterized the gene encoding GGPS (PuGGPS) in Pyropia umbilicalis (Bangiales). PuGGPS encodes a protein of 345 amino acids with an N-terminal transit peptide. The catalytic activity of PuGGPS for the production of GGPP was verified by a color complementation assay in Escherichia coli and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Homology modeling of PuGGPS showed that its tertiary structure resembles that of other known GGPSs and that this structure allows for the precise docking of the enzymatic product of PuGGPS, GGPP. When leafy thalli of P. umbilicalis were treated with norflurazon, an inhibitor of the key carotenoid metabolism enzyme phytoene desaturase, the expression of PuGGPS increased by twofold compared with that of the control in the first 2 h, suggesting a prompt response to metabolic perturbation. Prolonged norflurazon treatment failed to increase PuGGPS expression. Sequence analysis showed that PuGGPS shares seven conserved motifs with other previously identified GGPSs from different organisms, including two aspartate-rich GGPS signature motifs. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that PuGGPS is a member of the type II GGPSs found in eubacteria and plants. Keywords Pyropia umbilicalis Geranylgeranyl diphosphate GGPP GGPP synthase Carotenoid metabolism