Serotonin and dopamine differentially affect appetitive and aversive general Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer

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• 作者：Martin N. Hebart ; Jan Gl?scher
• 关键词：Decision ; making ; Motivation ; Pavlovian ; to ; instrumental transfer ; Serotonin ; Dopamine ; Tryptophan depletion ; Tyrosine depletion
• 刊名：Psychopharmacology
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：January 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：232
• 期：2
• 页码：437-451
• 全文大小：1,476 KB
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• 刊物类别：Biomedical and Life Sciences
• 刊物主题：Biomedicine
  Pharmacology and Toxicology
  Psychiatry
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-2072

文摘

Rationale Human motivation and decision-making is influenced by the interaction of Pavlovian and instrumental systems. The neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin have been suggested to play a major role in motivation and decision-making, but how they affect this interaction in humans is largely unknown. Objective We investigated the effect of these neurotransmitters in a general Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) task which measured the nonspecific effect of appetitive and aversive Pavlovian cues on instrumental responses. Methods For that purpose, we used selective dietary depletion of the amino acid precursors of serotonin and dopamine: tryptophan (n--4) and tyrosine/phenylalanine (n--5), respectively, and compared the performance of these groups to a control group (n--4) receiving a nondepleted (balanced) amino acid drink. Results We found that PIT differed between groups: Relative to the control group that exhibited only appetitive PIT, we found reduced appetitive PIT in the tyrosine/phenylalanine-depleted group and enhanced aversive PIT in the tryptophan-depleted group. Conclusions These results demonstrate a differential involvement of serotonin and dopamine in motivated behavior. They suggest that reductions in serotonin enhance the motivational influence of aversive stimuli on instrumental behavior and do not affect the influence of appetitive stimuli, while reductions in dopamine diminish the influence of appetitive stimuli. No conclusions could be drawn about how dopamine affects the influence of aversive stimuli. The interplay of both neurotransmitter systems allows for flexible and adaptive responses depending on the behavioral context.