Analyzing ungulate long bones as a tool for habitat reconstruction

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• 作者：Rico Schellhorn (1) (2)
  Hans-Ulrich Pfretzschner (2)
  
  1. Steinmann-Institut f眉r Geologie ; Mineralogie und Pal盲ontologie ; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit盲t Bonn ; Nussallee 8 ; 53115 ; Bonn ; Germany
  2. Fachbereich Geowissenschaften ; Eberhard Karls Universit盲t T眉bingen ; H枚lderlinstr. 12 ; 72074 ; T眉bingen ; Germany
  
• 关键词：Bovidae ; Equidae ; Ecology ; Habitat ; Factor analysis ; Linear discriminant analysis
• 刊名：Acta Theriologica
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：April 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：60
• 期：2
• 页码：195-205
• 全文大小：925 KB
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• 刊物主题：Zoology; Animal Physiology; Behavioural Sciences; Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Animal Anatomy / Morphology / Histology;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：2190-3743

文摘

The long bones (humerus, radius, metacarpus, femur, tibia, metatarsus) of 51 extant bovid and 7 equid specimens were measured in order to test the hypothesis that they show adaptations to different habitats. We performed factor analyses (FAs) with principal component extraction method and plotted the extracted factors (Fs) in simple scatterplots. The preferred habitats (grassland, forest, mountainous regions) were labeled in the plots, and our results show three clearly separated clusters for F2 vs. F3. According to our interpretation, F1 reflects the body size of the specimens while F2 is most probably reflecting cursorial adaptations. F3 is largely affected by dimensional bone characteristics adapted to maneuver in the environment, and therefore, F3 is somehow linked to habitat. The investigated equids are plotting within the cluster of bovids preferring grassland habitats, which is surprising because of different constructions of the metapodials in perissodactyls and ruminants. Performed linear discriminant analyses (LDAs) are supporting our FA results. This approach combines biometrics with statistics and presents a tool, which easily can be applied helping to identify the paleo-habitat or the paleo-ecology of extinct bovids with implications on fossil localities.