Energy use, blue water footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions for current food consumption patterns and dietary recommendations in the US
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- 作者：Michelle S. Tom ; Paul S. Fischbeck…
- 关键词：Energy use ; Blue water footprint ; GHG emissions ; Food consumption ; Diet
- 刊名：Environment Systems and Decisions
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：March 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：36
- 期：1
- 页码：92-103
- 全文大小：953 KB
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Paul S. Fischbeck (2)
Chris T. Hendrickson (1)
1. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
2. Departments of Engineering and Public Policy and Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA - 刊物类别：Environment, general; Environmental Management; Sustainable Development; Environmental Engineering/B
- 刊物主题：Environment, general; Environmental Management; Sustainable Development; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Environmental Economics;
- 出版者：Springer US
- ISSN：2194-5411
文摘
This article measures the changes in energy use, blue water footprint, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with shifting from current US food consumption patterns to three dietary scenarios, which are based, in part, on the 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines (US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services in Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, 7th edn, US Government Printing Office, Washington, 2010). Amidst the current overweight and obesity epidemic in the USA, the Dietary Guidelines provide food and beverage recommendations that are intended to help individuals achieve and maintain healthy weight. The three dietary scenarios we examine include (1) reducing Caloric intake levels to achieve “normal” weight without shifting food mix, (2) switching current food mix to USDA recommended food patterns, without reducing Caloric intake, and (3) reducing Caloric intake levels and shifting current food mix to USDA recommended food patterns, which support healthy weight. This study finds that shifting from the current US diet to dietary Scenario 1 decreases energy use, blue water footprint, and GHG emissions by around 9 %, while shifting to dietary Scenario 2 increases energy use by 43 %, blue water footprint by 16 %, and GHG emissions by 11 %. Shifting to dietary Scenario 3, which accounts for both reduced Caloric intake and a shift to the USDA recommended food mix, increases energy use by 38 %, blue water footprint by 10 %, and GHG emissions by 6 %. These perhaps counterintuitive results are primarily due to USDA recommendations for greater Caloric intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, and fish/seafood, which have relatively high resource use and emissions per Calorie.