Temporal variability of MODIS aerosol optical depth and chemical characterization of airborne particulates in Varanasi, India
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- 作者：Vishnu Murari ; Manish Kumar ; S. C. Barman…
- 关键词：Particulate ; Aerosol optical depth ; Metal ; Organics ; Water ; soluble ions ; Varanasi
- 刊名：Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- 出版年：2015
- 出版时间：January 2015
- 年：2015
- 卷：22
- 期：2
- 页码：1329-1343
- 全文大小：3,843 KB
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文摘
Temporal variation of airborne particulate mass concentration was measured in terms of toxic organics, metals and water-soluble ionic components to identify compositional variation of particulates in Varanasi. Information-related fine particulate mass loading and its compositional variation in middle Indo-Gangetic plain were unique and pioneering as no such scientific literature was available. One-year ground monitoring data was further compared to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level 3 retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) to identify trends in seasonal variation. Observed AOD exhibits spatiotemporal heterogeneity during the entire monitoring period reflecting monsoonal low and summer and winter high. Ground-level particulate mass loading was measured, and annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (100.0?±-9.6?μg/m3) and PM10 (176.1?±-5.0?μg/m3) was found to exceed the annual permissible limit (PM10: 80?%; PM2.5: 84?%) and pose a risk of developing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Average PM2.5/PM10 ratio of 0.59?±-.18 also indicates contribution of finer particulates to major variability of PM10. Particulate sample was further processed for trace metals, viz. Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Mn, Ni, Cr, Na, K and Cd. Metals originated mostly from soil/earth crust, road dust and re-suspended dust, viz. Ca, Fe, Na and Mg were found to constitute major fractions of particulates (PM2.5: 4.6?%; PM10: 9.7?%). Water-soluble ionic constituents accounted for approximately 27?% (PM10: 26.9?%; PM2.5: 27.5?%) of the particulate mass loading, while sulphate (8.0-.5?%) was found as most dominant species followed by ammonium (6.0-.2?%) and nitrate (5.5-.0?%). The concentration of toxic organics representing both aliphatic and aromatic organics was determined by organic solvent extraction process. Annual mean toxic organic concentration was found to be 27.5?±-2.3?μg/m3 (n--04) which constitutes significant proportion of (PM2.5, 17-9?%; PM10, 11-0?%) particulate mass loading with certain exceptions up to 50?%. Conclusively, compositional variation of both PM2.5 and PM10 was compared to understand association of specific sources with different fractions of particulates.