Neighborhood-Level and Spatial Characteristics Associated with Lay Naloxone Reversal Events and Opioid Overdose Deaths
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Christopher Rowe ; Glenn-Milo Santos ; Eric Vittinghoff…
- 关键词：Opioids ; Overdose ; Naloxone ; Spatial analysis
- 刊名：Journal of Urban Health
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：February 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：93
- 期：1
- 页码：117-130
- 全文大小：433 KB
- 参考文献：1.United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2014
2.Degenhardt L, Hall W. Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. Lancet. 2012; 379(9810): 55–70.CrossRef PubMed
3.Dart RC, Surratt HL, Cicero TJ, et al. Trends in opioid analgesic abuse and mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(3): 241–248.CrossRef PubMed
4.Warner M, Hedegaard H, Chen LH. Trends in drug-poisoning deaths involving opioid analgesics and heroin: United States, 1999–2012. In: National Center for Health Statistics CfDCaP, ed; 2014
5.Unick GJ, Rosenblum D, Mars S, Ciccarone D. Intertwined epidemics: national demographic trends in hospitalizations for heroin- and opioid-related overdoses, 1993–2009. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2), e54496.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
6.Hedegaard HC, L.H., Warner M. Drug-poisoning Deaths Involving Heroin: United States, 2000–2013: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015
7.Rudd RA, Paulozzi LJ, Bauer MJ, et al. Increases in heroin overdose deaths—28 States, 2010 to 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014; 63(39): 849–854.PubMed
8.Wheeler E, Jones TS, Gilbert MK, Davidson PJ. Opioid overdose prevention programs providing naloxone to laypersons—United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64(23): 631–635.PubMed
9.World Health Organization. WHO model list of essential medicines (18th Edition); 2013
10.World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, treatment and care for key populations. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2014.
11.American Medical Association. Policy D-95.987: prevention of opioid overdose. In: Association AM, ed; 2015
12.American Public Health Association. Policy 20133: reducing opioid overdose through education and naloxone distribution. In: Organization APH, ed; 2013
13.Davis CS, Southwell JK, Niehaus VR, Walley AY, Dailey MW. Emergency medical services naloxone access: a national systematic legal review. Acad Emerg Med. 2014; 21(10): 1173–1177.CrossRef PubMed
14.Davis CS, Walley AY, Bridger CM. Lessons learned from the expansion of naloxone access in Massachusetts and North Carolina. J Law Med Ethics. 2015; 43(Suppl 1): 19–22.CrossRef PubMed
15.LawAtlas—the policy surveillance portal. Naloxone overdose prevention laws map. Available at: http://lawatlas.org/query?dataset=laws-regulating-administration-of-naloxone . Accessed 15 Oct 2015.
16.Bennett T, Holloway K. The impact of take-home naloxone distribution and training on opiate overdose knowledge and response: an evaluation of the THN Project in Wales. Drugs: education, prevention, and policy. 2012; 19(4): 320–328.
17.Strang J, Manning V, Mayet S, et al. Overdose training and take-home naloxone for opiate users: prospective cohort study of impact on knowledge and attitudes and subsequent management of overdoses. Addiction. 2008; 103(10): 1648–1657.CrossRef PubMed
18.Wagner KD, Valente TW, Casanova M, et al. Evaluation of an overdose prevention and response training programme for injection drug users in the Skid Row area of Los Angeles. CA Int J Drug Policy May. 2010; 21(3): 186–193.CrossRef
19.Walley AY, Xuan Z, Hackman HH, et al. Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ. 2013; 346: f174.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
20.Davidson PJ, Wheeler E, Proudfoot J, Ronghui X, Wagner KD. Abstract #150: Naloxone distribution to drug users in California and opioid-related overdose death rates. Paper presented at: College on Problems of Drug Dependence 77th Annual Meeting, 2015; Phoenix, Arizona
21.Hembree C, Galea S, Ahern J, et al. The urban built environment and overdose mortality in New York City neighborhoods. Health Place. 2005; 11(2): 147–156.CrossRef PubMed
22.Galea S, Ahern J, Vlahov D, et al. Income distribution and risk of fatal drug overdose in New York City neighborhoods. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003; 70(2): 139–148.CrossRef PubMed
23.Bohnert AS, Nandi A, Tracy M, et al. Policing and risk of overdose mortality in urban neighborhoods. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011; 113(1): 62–68.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
24.Fuller CM, Borrell LN, Latkin CA, et al. Effects of race, neighborhood, and social network on age at initiation of injection drug use. Am J Public Health. 2005; 95(4): 689–695.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
25.Cerda M, Ransome Y, Keyes KM, et al. Revisiting the role of the urban environment in substance use: the case of analgesic overdose fatalities. Am J Public Health. 2013; 103(12): 2252–2260.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
26.Gotsens M, Mari-Dell'Olmo M, Martinez-Beneito MA, et al. Socio-economic inequalities in mortality due to injuries in small areas of ten cities in Spain (MEDEA Project). Accid Anal Prev. 2011; 43(5): 1802–1810.CrossRef PubMed
27.Marzuk PM, Tardiff K, Leon AC, et al. Poverty and fatal accidental drug overdoses of cocaine and opiates in New York City: an ecological study. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1997; 23(2): 221–228.CrossRef PubMed
28.Boardman JD, Finch BK, Ellison CG, Williams DR, Jackson JS. Neighborhood disadvantage, stress, and drug use among adults. J Health Soc Behav. 2001; 42(2): 151–165.CrossRef PubMed
29.Galea S, Ahern J, Vlahov D. Contextual determinants of drug use risk behavior: a theoretic framework. J Urban Health. Dec 2003;80(4 Suppl 3):iii50-58
30.Nandi A, Galea S, Ahern J, Bucciarelli A, Vlahov D, Tardiff K. What explains the association between neighborhood-level income inequality and the risk of fatal overdose in New York City? Soc Sci Med. 2006; 63(3): 662–674.CrossRef PubMed
31.Hannon L, Cuddy MM. Neighborhood ecology and drug dependence mortality: an analysis of New York City census tracts. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2006; 32(3): 453–463.CrossRef PubMed
32.Ross CE, Jang SJ. Neighborhood disorder, fear, and mistrust: the buffering role of social ties with neighbors. Am J Community Psychol. 2000; 28(4): 401–420.CrossRef PubMed
33.Kawachi I, Kennedy BP. Income inequality and health: pathways and mechanisms. Health Serv Res. 1999; 34(1 Pt 2): 215–227.PubMed PubMedCentral
34.Baca CT, Grant KJ. What heroin users tell us about overdose. J Addict Dis. 2007; 26(4): 63–68.CrossRef PubMed
35.Dovey K, Fitzgerald J, Choi Y. Safety becomes danger: dilemmas of drug-use in public space. Health Place. 2001; 7(4): 319–331.CrossRef PubMed
36.Pollini RA, McCall L, Mehta SH, Vlahov D, Strathdee SA. Non-fatal overdose and subsequent drug treatment among injection drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006; 83(2): 104–110.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
37.Tobin KE, Davey MA, Latkin CA. Calling emergency medical services during drug overdose: an examination of individual, social and setting correlates. Addiction. 2005; 100(3): 397–404.CrossRef PubMed
38.Tracy M, Piper TM, Ompad D, et al. Circumstances of witnessed drug overdose in New York City: implications for intervention. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005; 79(2): 181–190.CrossRef PubMed
39.Schroeder JR, Latkin CA, Hoover DR, Curry AD, Knowlton AR, Celentano DD. Illicit drug use in one's social network and in one's neighborhood predicts individual heroin and cocaine use. Ann Epidemiol. 2001; 11(6): 389–394.CrossRef PubMed
40.Galea S, Rudenstine S, Vlahov D. Drug use, misuse, and the urban environment. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2005; 24(2): 127–136.CrossRef PubMed
41.Latkin CA, Forman V, Knowlton A, Sherman S. Norms, social networks, and HIV-related risk behaviors among urban disadvantaged drug users. Soc Sci Med. 2003; 56(3): 465–476.CrossRef PubMed
42.Latkin CA, Hua W, Forman VL. The relationship between social network characteristics and exchanging sex for drugs or money among drug users in Baltimore, MD. USA Int J STD AIDS Nov. 2003; 14(11): 770–775.CrossRef
43.Cooper HL, Bossak B, Tempalski B, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR. Geographic approaches to quantifying the risk environment: drug-related law enforcement and access to syringe exchange programmes. Int J Drug Policy. 2009; 20(3): 217–226.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
44.de Montigny L, Moudon AV, Leigh BC, Kim SY. A spatial analysis of the physical and social environmental correlates of discarded needles. Health Place. 2011; 17(3): 757–766.CrossRef PubMed
45.Stopka TJ, Lutnick A, Wenger LD, Deriemer K, Geraghty EM, Kral AH. Demographic, risk, and spatial factors associated with over-the-counter syringe purchase among injection drug users. Am J Epidemiol. 2012; 176(1): 14–23.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
46.Martinez AN, Mobley LR, Lorvick J, Novak SP, Lopez A, Kral AH. Spatial analysis of HIV positive injection drug users in San Francisco, 1987 to 2005. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014; 11(4): 3937–3955.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
47.Fulcher C, Kaukinen C. Mapping and visualizing the location HIV service providers: an exploratory spatial analysis of Toronto neighborhoods. AIDS Care. 2005; 17(3): 386–396.CrossRef PubMed
48.Kaukinen C, Fulcher C. Mapping the social demography and location of HIV services across Toronto neighbourhoods. Health Soc Care Community. 2006; 14(1): 37–48.CrossRef PubMed
49.Heimer R, Barbour R, Shaboltas AV, Hoffman IF, Kozlov AP. Spatial distribution of HIV prevalence and incidence among injection drugs users in St Petersburg: implications for HIV transmission. AIDS. 2008; 22(1): 123–130.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
50.Enteen L, Bauer J, McLean R, et al. Overdose prevention and naloxone prescription for opioid users in San Francisco. J Urban Health. 2010; 87(6): 931–941.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
51.Rowe C, Santos GM, Vittinghoff E, Wheeler E, Davidson P, Coffin PO. Predictors of participant engagement and naloxone utilization in a community-based naloxone distribution program. Addiction. 2015; 110(8): 1301–1310.CrossRef PubMed
52.Davidson PJ, McLean RL, Kral AH, Gleghorn AA, Edlin BR, Moss AR. Fatal heroin-related overdose in San Francisco, 1997–2000: a case for targeted intervention. J Urban Health. 2003; 80(2): 261–273.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
53.Visconti AJ, Santos GM, Lemos NP, Burke C, Coffin PO. Opioid overdose deaths in the city and county of San Francisco: prevalence, distribution, and disparities. J Urban Health. Jun 16 2015
54.City and County of San Francisco. Census 2010: census tracts for San Francisco (Zipped Shapefile Format); 2013
55.City and County of San Francisco. Streets of San Francisco (Zipped Shapefile Format); 2015
56.United States Census Bureau. B19083: Gini Index of Income Inequality. 2009–2013 5-Year American Community Survey. 2013
57.United States Census Bureau. S1903: median income in the past 12 months (in 2013 inflation-adjusted dollars). 2009–2013 5-Year American Community Survey. 2013
58.San Francisco Police Department Crime Incident Reporting System. SFPD Incidents—from 1 January 2003; 2015
59.United States Census Bureau. P3: race. 2010 Census Summary File 1. 2010
60.United States Census Bureau. P1: total population. 2010 Census Summary File 1. 2010
61.Penchansky R, Thomas JW. The concept of access: definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. Med Care. 1981; 19(2): 127–140.CrossRef PubMed
62.Rockwell R, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Perlis TE, Paone D. Geographic proximity, policy and utilization of syringe exchange programmes. AIDS Care. 1999; 11(4): 437–442.CrossRef PubMed
63.Church RL, ReVelle CS. The maximal covering location problem. Papers of the Regional Science Association. 1974; 32: 101–118.CrossRef
64.Zaller ND, Yokell MA, Green TC, Gaggin J, Case P. The feasibility of pharmacy-based naloxone distribution interventions: a qualitative study with injection drug users and pharmacy staff in Rhode Island. Subst Use Misuse. 2013; 48(8): 590–599.CrossRef PubMed
65.Rose VJ, Lutnick A, Kral AH. Feasibility of providing interventions for injection drug users in pharmacy settings: a case study among San Francisco pharmacists. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2014; 46(3): 226–232.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
66.Green TC, Dauria EF, Bratberg J, Davis CS, Walley AY. Orienting patients to greater opioid safety: models of community pharmacy-based naloxone. Harm Reduct J. 2015; 12: 25.CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral
67.Binswanger IA, Koester S, Mueller SR, Gardner E, Goddard K, Glanz J. Abstract #53: Overdose education and naloxone for patients prescribed opioids in primary care: a qualitative study. Paper presented at: College on Problems of Drug Dependence 77th Annual Meeting, 2015; Phoenix Arizona
68.Drainoni M, Ellison J, Koppelman E, et al. Abstract #167: Implementing routine emergency department naloxone rescue kits for patients at risk of opioid overdose. Paper presented at: College on Problems of Drug Dependence 77th Annual Meeting, 2015; Phoenix, Arizona - 作者单位：Christopher Rowe (1)
Glenn-Milo Santos (1) (2)
Eric Vittinghoff (2)
Eliza Wheeler (3)
Peter Davidson (4)
Philip O. Coffin (1) (2)
1. San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, Ste. 500, San Francisco, CA, 94102, USA
2. University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
3. Drug Overdose Prevention and Education Project, Harm Reduction Coalition, 1440 Broadway, Suite 902, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
4. University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, CA, 92093, USA - 刊物主题：Public Health; Health Informatics; Epidemiology;
- 出版者：Springer US
- ISSN：1468-2869
文摘
There were over 23,000 opioid overdose deaths in the USA in 2013, and opioid-related mortality is increasing. Increased access to naloxone, particularly through community-based lay naloxone distribution, is a widely supported strategy to reduce opioid overdose mortality; however, little is known about the ecological and spatial patterns of the distribution and utilization of lay naloxone. This study aims to investigate the neighborhood-level correlates and spatial relationships of lay naloxone distribution and utilization and opioid overdose deaths. We determined the locations of lay naloxone distribution sites and the number of unintentional opioid overdose deaths and reported reversal events in San Francisco census tracts (n = 195) from 2010 to 2012. We used Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to compare census tract characteristics across tracts adjacent and not adjacent to distribution sites and multivariable negative binomial regression models to assess the association between census tract characteristics, including distance to the nearest site, and counts of opioid overdose deaths and naloxone reversal events. Three hundred forty-two opioid overdose deaths and 316 overdose reversals with valid location data were included in our analysis. Census tracts including or adjacent to a distribution site had higher income inequality, lower percentage black or African American residents, more drug arrests, higher population density, more overdose deaths, and more reversal events (all p < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, greater distance to the nearest distribution site (up to a distance of 4000 m) was associated with a lower count of Naloxone reversals [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.51 per 500 m increase, 95% CI 0.39–0.67, p < 0.001] but was not significantly associated with opioid overdose deaths. These findings affirm that locating lay naloxone distribution sites in areas with high levels of substance use and overdose risk facilitates reversals of opioid overdoses in those immediate areas but suggests that alternative delivery methods may be necessary to reach individuals in other areas with less concentrated risk.