Rhyolitic volcanism of the central Snake River Plain: a review
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- 作者：B. S. Ellis (1)
J. A. Wolff (2)
S. Boroughs (2)
D. F. Mark (3)
W. A. Starkel (2)
B. Bonnichsen (4) - 关键词：Snake River Plain ; Rhyolite ; Bimodal ; Ignimbrite ; Low δ 18O
- 刊名：Bulletin of Volcanology
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：August 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：75
- 期：8
- 全文大小：1231KB
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J. A. Wolff (2)
S. Boroughs (2)
D. F. Mark (3)
W. A. Starkel (2)
B. Bonnichsen (4)
1. Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zurich, NW Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
2. School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
3. NERC Argon Isotope Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, Scotland, G75 0QF, UK
4. 927 East 7th Street, Moscow, ID, USA - ISSN：1432-0819
文摘
The central Snake River Plain (CSRP) of southern Idaho and northern Nevada, USA, forms part of the Columbia River–Yellowstone large igneous province. Volcanic rocks of the province are compositionally bimodal (basalt–rhyolite), and the rhyolites produce a broadly time-transgressive record of a hotspot which is currently located under Yellowstone. Snake River Plain rhyolites represent hot (>850?°C), dry magmas and have field characteristics consistent with high emplacement temperatures. Individual ignimbrite sheets reach 1,000?km3 and exhibit little to no compositional zonation on a large scale but reveal considerable complexity on a crystal scale, particularly with regard to pyroxene compositions. Multiple pyroxene compositions may exist in a single ignimbrite which, along with multiple glass compositions in widely dispersed fallout tephra, suggests complex storage of rhyolite prior to eruption. Unlike most igneous rocks, the mineral cargo of the CSRP rhyolites exhibits little isotopic variability, with unimodal 87Sr/86Sr values returned from plagioclase grains inferred to represent the combination of strong crystal–melt coupling and rapid diffusional re-equilibriation. All the rhyolites within the CSRP have a characteristic low-δ 18O signature; with >20,000?km3 of rhyolite exhibiting this depletion, the CSRP represents the largest low-δ 18O province on Earth. The low-18O nature of the rhyolites requires assimilation of hydrothermally altered materials which may be from altered Eocene batholithic rocks or from down-dropped intra-caldera tuffs. The wide range of crustal assimilants, with highly variable radiogenic isotope characteristics, available in the CSRP is permissive of a variety of petrogenetic models based on radiogenic isotopic data.