Study of tin amalgam mirrors by 1 1 9 Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy and other analytical methods

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• 作者：A. Lerf ; F. E. Wagner ; L. K. Herrera ; A. Justo ; A. Mu noz-Páez…
• 关键词：Mössbauer spectroscopy ; Amalgam mirrors ; 119 ; Sn ; XRD ; SEM ; µXRF ; Synchrotron radiation
• 刊名：Hyperfine Interactions
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：237
• 期：1
• 全文大小：1,793 KB
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• 作者单位：A. Lerf (1)
  F. E. Wagner (2)
  L. K. Herrera (3)
  A. Justo (4)
  A. Mu noz-Páez (4)
  J. L. Pérez-Rodríguez (4)
  
  1. Walther Mei βner Institute, Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 85747, Garching, Germany
  2. Physics Department E15, Technical University of Munich, 85747, Garching, Germany
  3. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dpto. de Ingeniería Mecánica y Mecatrónica, Bogota, Colombia
  4. ICMSE, University of Sevilla-CSIC, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
  
• 刊物类别：Physics and Astronomy
• 刊物主题：Physics
  Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions and Hadrons
  Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Plasmas
  Condensed Matter
  Surfaces and Interfaces and Thin Films
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1572-9540

文摘

From the beginning of the 16 th until the end of the 19 th century the most widely used mirrors consisted of a pane of glass backed with a reflecting layer of tin-mercury amalgam. They were made by sliding the glass pane over a tin foil covered with liquid mercury. After removal of the superfluous mercury, tin amalgam formed slowly at ambient temperature and yielded a reflecting layer adhering to the surface of the glass. Such mirrors often deteriorate in the course of time by oxidation of the tin in the amalgam to stannous or stannic oxide. 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, micro-XRF and X-ray diffraction have been used to study this deterioration process. The studied specimens were a modern mirror made for the reconstruction of the Green Vault in Dresden in the early 2000s, two rather well preserved German mirrors from the 17 th and 19 th centuries and several strongly deteriorated specimens of Baroque mirrors from the south of Spain. The modern mirror consists mainly of a Sn_0.9Hg_0.1 amalgam with only 2 % of SnO₂. The older German mirrors showed more pronounced oxidation, containing 12 and 15 % of SnO₂, which did not noticeably impair their reflectivity. In the samples from the Spanish mirrors at best a few percent of metallic phase was left. The majority of the tin had oxidised to SnO₂, but between 8 and 20 % of the tin was present as SnO. X-ray diffraction yielded similar results and micro-XRF mapping using synchrotron radiation for excitation gave information on the distribution of Sn and Hg in the reflecting layer of the mirrors.