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1. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan 2. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan 5. Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan 4. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan 3. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan