The importance of material-processing interactions in inducing false memories

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• 作者：Jason C. K. Chan (1)
  Kathleen B. McDermott (1)
  Jason M. Watson (1)
  David A. Gallo (1)
  
• 刊名：Memory & Cognition
• 出版年：2005
• 出版时间：April 2005
• 年：2005
• 卷：33
• 期：3
• 页码：389-395
• 全文大小：115KB
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• 作者单位：Jason C. K. Chan (1)
  Kathleen B. McDermott (1)
  Jason M. Watson (1)
  David A. Gallo (1)
  
  1. Department of Psychology, Washington University, Campus Box 1125, 63130-4899, St. Louis, MO
  

文摘

Deep encoding, relative to shallow encoding, has been shown to increase the probability of false memories in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm (Thapar & McDermott, 2001; Toglia, Neuschatz, & Goodwin, 1999). In two experiments, we showed important limitations on the generalizability of this phenomenon; these limitations are clearly predicted by existing theories regarding the mechanisms underlying such false memories (e.g., Roediger, Watson, McDermott, & Gallo, 2001). Specifically, asking subjects to attend to phonological relations among lists of phonologically associated words (e.g.,weep, steep, etc.) increased the likelihood of false recall (Experiment 1) and false recognition (Experiment 2) of a related, nonpresented associate (e.g.,sleep), relative to a condition in which subjects attended to meaningful relations among the words. These findings occurred along with a replication of prior findings (i.e., a semantic encoding task, relative to a phonological encoding task, enhanced the likelihood of false memory arising from a list of semantically associated words), and they place important constraints on theoretical explanations of false memory.