Distribution and mechanism of the ground fissures in Wei River Basin, the origin of the Silk Road

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Jianbing Peng ; Jianwei Qiao ; Yanqiu Leng ; Feiyong Wang…
• 关键词：Silk Road ; Ground fissure ; Geologic features ; Formation mechanism ; Geologic hazard
• 刊名：Environmental Earth Sciences
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：75
• 期：8
• 全文大小：12,565 KB
• 参考文献：Ayalew L, Yamagishi H, Reik G (2004) Ground cracks in Ethiopian Rift Valley: facts and uncertainties. Eng Geol 75:309–324CrossRef
  Budhu M (2011) Earth fissure formation from the mechanics of groundwater pumping. Int J Geomech 11:1–11CrossRef
  Deng YH, Peng JB, Mu HD, Li L, Sun ZF (2013a) Inoculation mechanism of deep tectonic activities of ground fissures in the WRB. J Jilin Univ (Earth Sci Ed) 02:521–527
  Deng YH, Peng JB, Li L, Mu HD (2013b) Correlation analysis between substrate extension and cause of ground fissure in the WRB. J Eng Geol 01:92–96
  Guo LD, Zhou HW, Xia ZQ, Huang F, Yan B (2015) Safety problems of water resources during the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and their counter measures. China Popul Resour Environ 05:114–121
  Han WF, Li XF, Song C, Chen WW, Wang XD (2007) Geological environment protection of ancient sites and prevention of geological disaster in the Silk Road. In: Proceedings of the international BBS in the annual meeting of Chinese geological society, Engineering geology professional committee, territory of China, 2007. The fragile ecological environment area engineering geology, pp 349–354
  Helm DC (1994) Hydraulic forces that play a role in generating fissures at depth. Bull Assoc Eng Geol XXXI 3:293–304
  Helm DC (2000) Fissures in Yucca flat dry lake bed, Nevada test site. In: Looney BB, Falta RW (eds) Vadose zone, science and technology solutions. Battelle Press, Columbus
  Holzer TL (1980) Faulting caused by groundwater level decline, San, Joaquin valley, California. Water Resourc Res 17(3):693–704CrossRef
  Holzer TL (1984) Ground failure induced by groundwater withdrawal from unconsolidated sediment. Man-induced land subsidence. Geological Society of America, Boulder, pp 67–105
  Holzer TL, Davis SN, Lofgren BE (1979) Faulting caused by groundwater extraction in south-central Arizona. Geophys Res 84:603–612CrossRef
  Hu AG, Ma W, Wan YL (2014) Strategic content, positioning, and implementation plan of the Silk Road Economic Belt. J Xinjiang Norm Univ (Ed Philos Soc Sci) 02:1–10
  Jiang ZW, Peng JB, Wang QY (2012) Numerical simulation of impact of pre-existing faults on pumping settlement and ground fissures. J Jilin Univ (Earth Sci Ed) 42(4):1099–1103
  Leonard RJ (1929) An earth fissure in Southern Arizona. J Geol 37:765–774CrossRef
  Li Y, Yang J, Hu X (2000) Origin of ground fissures in the Shanxi Graben System, Northern China. Eng Geol 55:267–275CrossRef
  Li ZH, Wang JL, Zhao ZP, Dong SC, Li Y, Zhu YQ, Cheng H (2014a) Eco-environment patterns and ecological civilization modes in the Silk Road economic zone. Resour Sci 36(12):2476–2482
  Li P, Qian H, Wu J (2014b) Accelerate research on land creation. Nature 510(7503):29–31. doi:10.​1038/​510029a CrossRef
  Li P, Qian H, Wu J, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang H (2014c) Occurrence and hydrogeochemistry of fluoride in shallow alluvial aquifer of Weihe River, China. Environ Earth Sci 71(7):3133–3145. doi:10.​1007/​s12665-013-2691-6 CrossRef
  Li P, Qian H, Howard KWF, Wu J (2015) Building a new and sustainable “Silk Road economic belt”. Environ Earth Sci 74(10):7267–7270. doi:10.​1007/​s12665-015-4739-2 CrossRef
  Li P, Wu J, Qian H (2016a) Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and the major influencing factors: a case study in and around Hua County, China. Arab J Geosci 9(1):15. doi:10.​1007/​s12517-015-2059-1 CrossRef
  Li P, Wu J, Qian H (2016b) Preliminary assessment of hydraulic connectivity between river water and shallow groundwater and estimation of their transfer rate during dry season in the Shidi River, China. Environ Earth Sci 75(2):99. doi:10.​1007/​s12665-015-4949-7 CrossRef
  Peng JB, Fan W, Li XA, Wang QL, Feng XJ, Zhang J, Li XS, Lu QZ, Huang QB, Ma RY, Lu YD (2007) Key problems in the causative mechanism research of ground fissures in Fenwei basin. J Eng Geol 15(4):433–440
  Peng JB, Chen LW, Huang QB, Men YM, Fan W, Yan K, Li K, Ji YS, Shi YL (2008) Large-scale physical simulative experiment on ground fissure expansion mechanism. Chin J Geophys 51(6):1826–1834
  Peng JB, Zhang Q, Huang QB, Men YM (2012) Ground fissure hazards in Xi’an. Science Press, Beijing
  Peng JB, Chen LW, Huang QB, Men YM, Fan W, Yan JK (2013) Physical simulation of ground fissures triggered by underground fault activity. Eng Geol 155:19–30CrossRef
  Qu W, Zhang Q, Wang QL, Li ZH (2011) Research on present crustal horizontal deformation feature of Weihe Basin and its tectonic activity. Geomat Inf Sci Wuhan Univ 36(7):380–384
  Shen S (2015) Special issue: New Silk Road project. East Asia 32:1–5CrossRef
  Sheng ZP, Helm DC, Li J (2003) Mechanisms of earth fissuring caused by groundwater withdrawal. Environ Eng Geosci 9(4):351–362CrossRef
  Sun P, Peng JB, Chen LW, Yin YP, Wu SR (2009) Weak tensile characteristics of loess in China—an important reason for ground fissures. Eng Geol 108:153–159CrossRef
  Wang JM (2000) Theory and applications of ground fissures and their hazards. Shannxi Science and Technology Press, Xi’an
  Wang GY, You G, Shi B, Qiu ZL, Li HY, Yuck M (2010) Earth fissure in Jiangsu Province, China and geological investigation of Hetang earth fissure. Environ Earth Sci 60:35–43CrossRef
  Wang QY, Jiang ZW, Peng JB (2013) Activation of slip mechanism in pre-existing faults due to pumping action. Hydrogeol Eng Geol 40(2):108–112
  Wu J, Sun Z (2015) Evaluation of shallow groundwater contamination and associated human health risk in an alluvial plain impacted by agricultural and industrial activities. Expo Health, Mid-west China. doi:10.​1007/​s12403-015-0170-x
  Zhang GW, Zhang BR, Yuan XC (2001) Qinling orogenic belt and continental dynamics. Science press, Beijing
  Zhang Q, Qu W, Peng JB, Wang QL, Li ZH (2012) Mechanism of massive developing ground fissure in the WRB and the tectonic origin of uneven distribution of ground fissures in the east and west regions of the WRB. Chin J Geophys 55(8):2589–2597
  Zhu SG, Tang YG (1999) Preliminary research of natural environmental changes in the northwest region along the Silk Road. J Northwest Univ (Nat Sci Ed) 06:615–619
  
• 作者单位：Jianbing Peng (1) (2)
  Jianwei Qiao (1)
  Yanqiu Leng (1)
  Feiyong Wang (1)
  Shouzhong Xue (1)
  
  1. School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
  2. Key Laboratory of Western China Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：None Assigned
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1866-6299

文摘

Wei River Basin (WRB) is the origin of the ancient and new Silk Road, and it is located in Southern Fen Wei Graben System, China. Since 1950s, hundreds of ground fissures have formed in this affluent basin, and these ground fissures have become the main geohazard in WRB. This paper used a series of geological investigations, such as site investigation, trench excavation, geological drilling and geophysical survey to understand the distribution and mechanism of formation of the ground fissures in WRB. The results are: (1) 212 ground fissures in WRB were located in Xi’an, Xianyang, Weinan city, and they have clear orientations, mainly distributed from NEE to SWW, NW to SE, and E to W. Moreover, the ground fissures are accompanied by active faults along the same directions. (2) Ground fissures in WRB can be divided into two types—some ground fissures display obvious horizontal and vertical separations on the earth surface, whereas others only display obvious horizontal separations on the earth surface. (3) Ground fissures in WRB are triggered by four factors, viz. basin structure, active fault, human activities and loess erosion. (4) The mechanism for the formation of ground fissures has also been proposed: tectonic faulting is the fundamental cause of ground fissures in the Wei River basin, and imbalances in the man-land caused by human actives accelerated the ground fissures activities. (5) Many effective measures have also been proposed to mitigate the hazards of ground fissures in WRB, such as planning, engineering measures, controlling the exploitation of groundwater and monitoring. This research will be helpful in safeguarding the sustainable development of the Silk Road economic belt.