Vegetation history of the western Rif mountains (NW Morocco): origin, late-Holocene dynamics and human impact

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• 作者：Serge D. Muller ; Laila Rhazi ; Benjamin Andrieux…
• 关键词：Late Cenozoic ; North Africa ; Palynology ; Anthropisation ; Climate ; Mediterranean forest
• 刊名：Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：July 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：24
• 期：4
• 页码：487-501
• 全文大小：1,656 KB
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• 作者单位：Serge D. Muller (1)
  Laila Rhazi (2)
  Benjamin Andrieux (1)
  Marion Bottollier-Curtet (3)
  Séverine Fauquette (1)
  Er-Riyahi Saber (4)
  Nabil Rifai (5) (6)
  Amina Daoud-Bouattour (7) (8)
  
  1. Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, IRD, case 061, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
  2. Laboratoire de botanique, mycologie et environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Rabat, Université Mohammed V, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014 RP, Rabat, Morocco
  3. Les Ecologistes de l’Euzière, Domaine de Restinclières, 34730, Prades-le-Lez, France
  4. Département de Géographie, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université Moulay Ismail, BP 11202, Zitoune Meknès, Morocco
  5. Direction Régionale des Eaux et Forêts et de la Lutte contre la Désertification du Rif, BP 722, Tétouan, Morocco
  6. Laboratoire d’Ecologie Aquatique et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences A?n Chock, Université Hassan II Casablanca, BP 5366, Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
  7. Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
  8. Faculté des Lettres, des Arts et des Humanités de Manouba, UR99/UR/02-04 BiCADE, Université de la Manouba, Campus universitaire de Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geology
  Anthropology
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1617-6278

文摘

Unlike southern Spain, northern Morocco has been little investigated for palaeoecological purposes. Consequently, the origin and history of the Rifan vegetation is largely unknown, as well as the past role of human activities. A review of the Plio-Pleistocene fossil data available from North Africa clearly reveals the ancient origin of much of the present-day flora and vegetation structures of the region. A well-dated pollen record covering the last 5,000?years, obtained from a fen, is compared to previous regional pollen data in order to understand the late-Holocene vegetation dynamics and the influence of anthropogenic disturbances. Modern pollen spectra have allowed the calibration of pollen diversity and evenness as indicators of tree-cover density. The results obtained show the long-term persistence of regional forests until the onset of Arab Sharifian dynasties in the 16th century, with a surprising lack of human impact during the late Neolithic, and little impact during Roman colonisation. The increasing density of deciduous forests recorded from 3,800 to 1,900?cal?bp, concomitant with the expansion of cedar in the Middle Atlas, could reveal the onset of widespread cooler and moister climatic conditions. The weak and late human impact in the Rifan mountains explains, at least in part, their high diversity and the conservation of their forest ecosystems. Anthropogenic activities however have led to severe modification of the understorey structure of these forests during the four last centuries, and to the worrying on-going deforestation that presently threatens the survival of this invaluable biological heritage.