Witnessing North Atlantic westerlies variability from ships-logbooks (1685-008)
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- 作者：David Barriopedro (1) (2)
David Gallego (3)
M. Carmen Alvarez-Castro (3)
Ricardo García-Herrera (1) (2)
Dennis Wheeler (4)
Cristina Pe?a-Ortiz (3)
Susana M. Barbosa (5) - 关键词：Atmospheric circulation index ; Climate variability and change ; Early instrumental data ; North Atlantic Oscillation
- 刊名：Climate Dynamics
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：August 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：43
- 期：3-4
- 页码：939-955
- 全文大小：4,406 KB
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David Gallego (3)
M. Carmen Alvarez-Castro (3)
Ricardo García-Herrera (1) (2)
Dennis Wheeler (4)
Cristina Pe?a-Ortiz (3)
Susana M. Barbosa (5)
1. Departamento Física de la Tierra II (Astrofísica y Ciencias de la Atmósfera), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
2. IGEO, Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC, UCM), Madrid, Spain
3. Departamento Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
4. Faculty of Applied Science, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
5. Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal - ISSN：1432-0894
文摘
A monthly index based on the persistence of the westerly winds over the English Chanel is constructed for 1685-008 using daily data from ships-logbooks and comprehensive marine meteorological datasets. The so-called Westerly Index (WI) provides the longest instrumental record of atmospheric circulation currently available. Anomalous WI values are associated with spatially coherent climatic signals in temperature and precipitation over large areas of Europe, which are stronger for precipitation than for temperature and in winter and summer than in transitional seasons. Overall, the WI series accord with the known European climatic history, and reveal that the frequency of the westerlies in the eastern Atlantic during the twentieth century and the Late Maunder Minimum was not exceptional in the context of the last three centuries. It is shown that the WI provides additional and complementary information to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) indices. The analysis of WI series during the industrial era indicates an overall good agreement with the winter and high-summer NAO, with the exception of several multidecadal periods of weakened correlation. These decoupled periods between the frequency and the intensity of the zonal flow are interpreted on the basis of several sources of non-stationarity affecting the centres of the variability of the North Atlantic and their teleconnections. Comparisons with NAO reconstructions and long instrumental indices extending back to the seventeenth century suggest that similar situations have occurred in the past, which call for caution when reconstructing the past atmospheric circulation from climatic proxies. The robustness and extension of its climatic signal, the length of the series and its instrumental nature make the WI an excellent benchmark for proxy calibration in Europe and Greenland.