Early cow’s milk introduction is associated with failed personal–social milestones after 1?year of age
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- 作者：William E. Bennett Jr. (1) (2)
Kristin S. Hendrix (2)
Rachel T. Thompson-Fleming (2)
Stephen M. Downs (2)
Aaron E. Carroll (2) - 关键词：Cow’s milk ; Iron deficiency ; Development ; Developmental delay
- 刊名：European Journal of Pediatrics
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：July 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：173
- 期：7
- 页码：887-892
- 全文大小：
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Kristin S. Hendrix (2)
Rachel T. Thompson-Fleming (2)
Stephen M. Downs (2)
Aaron E. Carroll (2)
1. Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
2. Children’s Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA - ISSN：1432-1076
文摘
Both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend delaying the introduction of cow’s milk until after 1?year of age due to its low absorbable iron content. We used a novel computerized decision support system to gather data from multiple general pediatrics offices. We asked families whether their child received cow’s milk before 1?year of age, had a low-iron diet, or used low-iron formula. Then, at subsequent visits, we performed a modified developmental assessment using the Denver II. We assessed the effect of early cow’s milk or a low-iron diet on the later failure of achieving developmental milestones. We controlled for covariates using logistic regression. Early cow’s milk introduction (odds ratio (OR) 1.30, p--.012), as well as a low-iron diet or low-iron formula (OR 1.42, p-lt;-.001), was associated with increased rates of milestone failure. Only personal–social milestones (OR 1.44, p--.002) showed a significantly higher rate of milestone failure. Both personal–social (OR 1.42, p-lt;-.001) and language (OR 1.22, p--.009) showed higher rates of failure in children with a low-iron diet. Conclusions: There is an association between the introduction of cow’s milk before 1?year of age and the rate of delayed developmental milestones after 1?year of age. This adds strength to the recommendations from the AAP and IOM to delay cow’s milk introduction until after 1?year of age.