River inflow, estuarine salinity, and Carolina wolfberry fruit abundance: linking abiotic drivers to Whooping Crane food

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• 作者：Jeffrey R. Wozniak (1) wozniak@shsu.edu
  Todd M. Swannack (2)
  Rachel Butzler (3)
  Christopher Llewellyn (4)
  Stephen E. Davis III (5)
• 关键词：Freshwater inflow – ; Fruit abundance – ; Marsh salinity – ; Inundation level – ; Mesocosm – ; Aransas National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) – ; Whooping Crane
• 刊名：Journal of Coastal Conservation
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：September 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：16
• 期：3
• 页码：345-354
• 全文大小：445.7 KB
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• 作者单位：1. Texas Research Institute for Environmental Studies, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA2. Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199, USA3. Stormwater Management, Department of Engineering, City of Knoxville, 400 Main Street, Suite 480, Knoxville, TN 37902, USA4. Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences, 2258 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA5. Everglades Foundation, 18001 Old Cutler Road, Suite 625, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157, USA
• ISSN：1874-7841

文摘

The supply of freshwater to estuarine ecosystems is a critical factor in maintaining the overall health and organization of coastal marshes. Specifically along the Texas Gulf coast, the coupled effects of decreased freshwater inflows to the estuary and natural processes (e.g., precipitation, wind, and tides) can exert significant salt-stress on coastal marsh vegetation. In this project we sought to quantitatively link the inflow of freshwater to the estuary (San Antonio Bay) with Aransas National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) coastal marsh salinity and assess the influence of salinity and inundation on Carolina wolfberry (Lycium carolinianum Walt.) phenology (leaf and fruit abundance). The Carolina wolfberry is one of the more common high marsh plant species found at ANWR and has been shown to be a key food source for endangered Whooping Cranes which inhabit the coastal marshes of the ANWR each fall/winter. Results from our study show that periods of decreased freshwater inflows to the estuary correlated with increased marsh salinity at the ANWR. Wolfberry plants at ANWR marsh sites displayed increased fruit abundance during years which had lower mean summer time salinity (June, July, and August) in San Antonio Bay; conversely, during years of increased bay salinity during the same summertime months, wolfberry plants showed decreased fruit abundance. Through the continued validation of the relationship between inflows and coastal marsh salinity, we hope to provide additional insight into how wolfberry phenology varies inter-annually across both salinity and inundation regimes and how freshwater inflows may affect food availability for the endangered Whooping Crane.