Reconstruction of cropland area and spatial distribution in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty (AD1004-1085)
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Fanneng He (1)
Shicheng Li (1) (2)
Xuezhen Zhang (1) - 关键词：land use/cover ; spatial distribution of cropland ; gridding reconstruction ; mid ; Northern Song Dynasty
- 刊名：Journal of Geographical Sciences
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：April 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：22
- 期：2
- 页码：359-370
- 全文大小：521KB
- 参考文献：1. Chen M G, Zheng X M, 2001. The retrospect and prospect of Chinese taxes and labor taxes system history. / Historical Research, (1): 154-68. (in Chinese)
2. Feddema J J, Oleson K W, Bonan G B / et al., 2005. The importance of land-cover change in simulating future climates. / Science, 310: 1674-678 CrossRef
3. Foley J A, Ruth D, Gregory P A / et al., 2005. Global consequences of land use. / Science, 309: 570-74. CrossRef
4. Ge Q S, Dai J H, He F N / et al., 2004. Spatiotemporal dynamics of reclamation and cultivation and its driving factors in parts of China during the last three centuries. / Progress in Natural Science, 14(7): 605-13. CrossRef
5. Goldewijk K K, 2001. Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years: The HYDE database. / Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15(2): 417-33. CrossRef
6. Goldewijk K K, Beusen A, Drecht G V / et al., 2011. The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human-induced global land-use change over the past 12,000 years. / Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20: 73-6. CrossRef
7. Guo L B, 2008. The land policy in the Song Dynasty and its effects. / Journal of Liaoning Normal University ( / Social Science Edition), 31(5): 125-28. (in Chinese)
8. Hamre Liv Norunn, Domaas Stein Tage, Austad Ingvild / et al., 2007. Land-cover and structural changes in a western Norwegian cultural landscape since 1865 based on an old cadastral map and a field survey. / Landscape Ecology, 22(10): 1563-574. CrossRef
9. Han M L, 1993. Agricultural Geography of the Song Dynasty. Taiyuan: Shanxi Ancient Classics Publishing House, 16-0. (in Chinese)
10. He B D, 1988. The Textual Criticism and Evaluation of Chinese Ancient Land Records. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1-14. (in Chinese)
11. He F N, Ge Q S, Dai J H / et al., 2007. Forest change of China in recent 300 years. / Journal of Geographical Sciences, 62(1): 30-0.
12. Ivan B, Leos J, Vit S / et al., 2001. Land-use changes and their social driving forces in Czechia in the 19th and 20th centuries. / Land Use Policy, 18(1): 65-3 CrossRef
13. Li Q P, Ding Y H, Dong W J, 2006. A numerical simulation on impact of historical land-use changes on regional climate in China since 1700. / Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 64(3): 257-70. (in Chinese)
14. Liang F Z, 1980. The Statistics of Ancient Accounts, Land and Land Taxes of China: Preface. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 1-6. (in Chinese)
15. Lin S S, Zheng J Y, He F N, 2009. Gridding cropland data reconstruction over the agricultural region of China in 1820. / Journal of Geographical Sciences, 19(1): 36-8. CrossRef
16. Qi X, 1987. The Economic History of the Song Dynasty. Vol. 1. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 41-9. (in Chinese)
17. Ramankutty N and Foley J A, 1999. Estimating historical changes in global land cover: Croplands from 1700 to 1992. / Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13(4): 997-027. CrossRef
18. Richards J F and Flint E P, 1994. Historic land use and carbon estimates for south and southeast Asia: 1880-980. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Numerical Data Package-046, Oak Ridge, TN.
19. Sun H, 2003. Agriculture Land Use of China. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press, 1-02. (in Chinese)
20. Tan Q X, 1982. Historical Atlas of China. Vol. 6. Beijing: SinoMaps Press, 12-1. (in Chinese)
21. Voldoire A, Eickhout B, Michiel S / et al., 2007. Climate simulation of the twenty-first century with interactive land-use changes. / Climate Dynamics, 29(2/3): 177-93. CrossRef
22. Wang C, Zeng Z, Li D Z, 1984. General condition of society and natural environment in Yuanfeng Term. In: Wang C W, Wei S S (eds.). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. (in Chinese)
23. Wu H, 2006. New Concise History of Chinese Measurement. Beijing: Chinese Metrology Publishing House, 119-31. (in Chinese)
24. Wu S D, 2000. The History of Chinese Population. Vol. III. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 1-55. (in Chinese)
25. Ye D Z, Fu C B, 2004. Some advances in global change science study. / Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(5): 336-41. (in Chinese)
26. Ye Y, Fang X Q, Ren Y Y / et al., 2009. Cropland cover change in Northeast China during the past 300 years. / Science in China ( / Series D), 52(8): 1172-182. CrossRef - 作者单位：Fanneng He (1)
Shicheng Li (1) (2)
Xuezhen Zhang (1)
1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China - ISSN：1861-9568
文摘
To understand historical human-induced land cover change and its climatic effects, it is necessary to create historical land use datasets with explicit spatial information. Using the taxes-cropland area and number of families compiled from historical documents, we estimated the real cropland area and populations within each Lu (a province-level political region in the Northern Song Dynasty) in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty (AD1004-1085). The estimations were accomplished through analyzing the contemporary policies of tax, population and agricultural development. Then, we converted the political region-based cropland area to geographically explicit grid cell-based fractional cropland at the cell size of 60 km by 60 km. The conversion was based on calculating cultivation suitability of each grid cell using the topographic slope, altitude and population density as the independent variables. As a result, the total area of cropland within the Northern Song territory in the 1070s was estimated to be about 720 million mu (Chinese area unit, 1 mu = 666.7 m2), of which 40.1% and 59.9% occurred in the north and south respectively. The population was estimated to be about 87.2 million, of which 38.7% and 61.3% were in the north and south respectively, and per capita cropland area was about 8.2 mu. The national mean reclamation ratio (i.e. ratio of cropland area to total land area; RRA hereafter for short) was bout 16.6%. The plain areas, such as the North China Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Guanzhong Plain, plains surrounding the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake and Sichuan Basin, had a higher RRA, being mostly over 40%; while the hilly and mountainous areas, such as south of Nanling Mountains, the southwest regions (excluding the Chengdu Plain), Loess Plateau and southeast coastal regions, had a lower RRA, being less than 20%. Moreover, RRA varied with topographic slope and altitude. In the areas of low altitude (?50 m), middle altitude (250-00 m) and high altitude (1000-500 m), there were 443 million, 215 million and 64 million mu of cropland respectively and their regional mean RRAs were 27.5%, 12.6% and 7.2% respectively. In the areas of flat slope, gentle slope, medium slope and steep slope, there were 116 million, 456 million, 144 million and 2 million mu of cropland respectively and their regional mean RRAs were 34.6%, 20.7%, 8.5% and 2.3% respectively.