Assessment of effectiveness of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau based on net primary production and the large sample comparison method

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Yili Zhang ; Zhongjun Hu ; Wei Qi ; Xue Wu ; Wanqi Bai…
• 关键词：nature reserves ; protection effectiveness ; large sample comparison method ; net primary production ; Tibetan Plateau
• 刊名：Journal of Geographical Sciences
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：26
• 期：1
• 页码：27-44
• 全文大小：2,844 KB
• 参考文献：Andam K S, Ferraro P J, Pfaff A et al., 2008. Measuring the effectiveness of protected area networks in reducing deforestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105(42): 16089–16094.CrossRef
  Bruner A G, Gullison R E, Rice R E et al., 2001. Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Science, 291: 125–128.CrossRef
  Caro T, Gardner T A, Stoner C et al., 2009. Assessing the effectiveness of protected areas: Paradoxes call for pluralism in evaluating conservation performance. Diversity and Distributions, 15: 178–182.CrossRef
  Chang H Q, Xu W Y, Yuan J et al., 2012. Current situation of grassland resources and grazing capacity in Ali, Tibet. Pratacultural Science, 29(11): 1660–1664. (in Chinese)
  Chen B X, Zhang X Z, Tao J et al., 2014. The impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on alpine grassland over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 189: 11–18.CrossRef
  Chen J K, 2012. Insights into the history of conservation of natural wetlands in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57(4): 205–206. (in Chinese)CrossRef
  Chen J K, Lei G C, Wang X L, 2010. Analysis of Ten Effective Management Case in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. Shanghai: Fudan University Press. (in Chinese)
  Crabtree R, Potter C, Mullen R et al., 2009. A modeling and spatio-temporal analysis framework for monitoring environmental change using NPP as an ecosystem indicator. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113(7): 1486–1496.CrossRef
  Cui G F, 2004. Special research fields and hot spots in science of nature reserves. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 26(6): 102–105. (in Chinese)
  Curran L M, Trigg S N, McDonald A, 2004. Lowland forest loss in protected areas of Indonesian Borneo. Science, 303: 1000–1003.CrossRef
  Dai L D, Min H X, 2009. Countermeasures on the sustainable development of Manzetang wetland nature reserve in Sichuan. Sichuan Forestry Exploration and Design, (4): 39–42. (in Chinese)
  Deng M L, Tian K, Duan Z L et al., 2010. The changes of landscape at Zoige Plateau wetland reserve in Sichuan, China. Journal of Mountain Science, 28(2): 240–246. (in Chinese)
  Department of Environment Protection of Qinghai Province, Bureau of Quality and Technology Supervision of Qinghai Province (DEPQP), 2015. Local Standard of Qinghai Province-Technical Specification for Evaluation on Ecological Effect of Ecological Protection and Construction of Three-Rivers Nature Reserve (DB63/T1342-2015).
  Ewers R M, Rodrigues A S L, 2008. Estimates of reserve effectiveness are confounded by leakage. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 23(3): 113–116.CrossRef
  Glindermann T, Wang C, Tas B M et al., 2009. Impact of grazing intensity on herbage intake, composition, and digestibility and on live weight gain of sheep on the Inner Mongolian steppe. Livestock Science, 124: 142–147.CrossRef
  Leverington F, Costa K L, Pavese H et al., 2010. A global analysis of protected area management effectiveness. Environmental Management, 46: 685–698.CrossRef
  Liu J, Li S, Ouyang Z et al., 2008. Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China’s policies for ecosystem services. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105: 9477–9482.CrossRef
  Liu J G, Linderman M, Ouyang Z Y et al., 2001. Ecological degradation in protected areas: The case of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas. Science, 292: 98–101.CrossRef
  Liu J Y, Shao Q Q, Fan J W, 2013. Ecological construction achievements assessment and its revelation of ecological project in Three Rivers Headwaters Region. Chinese Journal of Nature, 35(1): 40–46. (in Chinese)
  Ma J Z, 1992. Science of Nature Conservation. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University Press. (in Chinese)
  Mas J, 2005. Assessing protected area effectiveness using surrounding (buffer) areas environmentally similar to the target area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 105: 69–80.CrossRef
  Melillo J M, Mcguire A D, Kicklighter D W et al., 1993. Global climate-change and terrestrial net primary production. Nature, 363(6426): 234–240.CrossRef
  Mittermeier R A, Turner W R, Larsen F W et al., 2011. Global Biodiversity Conservation: the Critical Role of Hotspots. In: Zachos F E, Habel J C. Biodiversity Hotspots. Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer, 3–22.CrossRef
  Naidoo R, Balmford A, Ferraro P J et al., 2006. Integrating economic costs into conservation planning. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21: 681–687.CrossRef
  Nan W Y, 2013. On the unification of Qinghai-Tibet High Plateau nature and ecology projection. Tibetan Studies, (4): 44–51. (in Chinese)
  Naughton-Treves L, Holland M, Brandon K, 2005. The role of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and sustaining local livelihoods. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 30: 219–252.CrossRef
  Potter C S, Randerson J T, Field C B et al., 1993. Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model-based on global satellite and surface data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 7(4): 811–841.CrossRef
  Quan J, Ouyang Z Y, Xu W H et al., 2009. Management effectiveness of China nature reserves: Status quo assessment and counter measures. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20(7): 1739–1746. (in Chinese)
  Radeloff V C, Stewart S I, Hawbaker T J, 2010. Housing growth in and near United States protected areas limits their conservation value. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(2): 940–945.CrossRef
  Running S W, Nemani R R, Heinsch F A et al., 2004. A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production. Bioscience, 54(6): 547–560.CrossRef
  Shao Q Q, Fan J W et al., 2012. Integrated Monitoring and Assessment of Ecosystem in the Source Regions of Three Rivers, China. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
  Shvidenko A Z, Schepashchenko D G, Vaganov E A et al., 2008. Net primary production of forest ecosystems of Russia: A new estimate. Doklady Earth Sciences, 421(2): 1009–1012.CrossRef
  Stoner C, Caro T, Mduma S et al., 2007. Assessment of effectiveness of protection strategies in Tanzania based on a decade of survey data for large herbivores. Conservation Biology, 21: 635–646.CrossRef
  Sun H L, Zheng D, Yao T D et al., 2012. Protection and construction of the national ecological security shelter zone on Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 67(1): 3–12. (in Chinese)
  Underwood F M, 2012. A framework for adapting survey design through time for wildlife population assessment. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 19: 413–436.CrossRef
  Victoria C J, Cheng M S, Chen X W, 2002. The development of Landscape Analysis of Wetland Function (LAWF): A GIS-based wetland functional assessment tool. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, Watershed, 418–424.
  Wang W, Pechacek P, Zhang M et al., 2013. Effectiveness of nature reserve system for conserving tropical forests: A statistical evaluation of Hainan Island, China. PLoS ONE, 8(2): e57561.CrossRef
  Wang X P, Cui G F, 2003. Nature Reserve Construction and Management. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press. (in Chinese)
  Yan Y Y, Deng J, Zhang Z Q et al., 2014. Research progress in the protection efficacy evaluation of wildlife nature reserves. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 33(4): 1128–1134. (in Chinese)
  Yan Y Y, Yang D D, Deng J et al., 2015. Construction of an indicator system for evaluating the protection efficacy of national nature reserves in China: A case study on terrestrial vertebrates (excluding migratory birds). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 26(5): 1571–1578. (in Chinese)
  Yang R R, 2002. Present situation of grassland degeneration and prevention measure in Ali Region, Xizang. Grassland of China, 24(1): 62–68. (in Chinese)
  Yue P C, Dai J, Li D L et al., 2011. Major issues and countermeasure in the husbandry evelopment in Tashikuergan County. Grass-Feeding Livestock, (4): 21–23. (in Chinese)
  Zhang H Z, Lu H Y, Hong J C et al., 2013a. Climate change and its effect on steppe animal husbandry in Northwest Tibet. Arid Zone Research, 30(2): 308–314. (in Chinese)
  Zhang R Z, Li B Y, Zhang H X et al., 2012. Regional System of Natural Reserves in China. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press. (in Chinese)
  Zhang W, 2007. Research of land use/cover classification and carbon stocks: A case study on Tibetan Plateau [D]. Beijing: Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. (in Chinese)
  Zhang Y L, Li B Y, Zheng D, 2002. A discussion on the boundary and area of the Tibetan Plateau in China. Geographical Research, 21(1): 1–8. (in Chinese)
  Zhang Y L, Qi W, Zhou C P et al., 2014. Spatial and temporal variability in the net primary production of alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau since 1982. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 24(2): 269–287.CrossRef
  Zhang Y L, Wang Z F, Wang X H et al., 2013b. Land cover changes in the key regions and self reflection on ecological construction of the Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Journal of Nature, 35(3): 187–192. (in Chinese)
  Zhang Y L, Wu X, Qi W et al., 2015. Characteristics and protection effects of the nature reserves in Tibetan Plateau, China. Resources Science, 37(7): 1455–1464. (in Chinese)
  Zheng Y M, Zhang H Y, Niu Z G et al., 2012. Protection efficacy of national wetland reserves in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57(4): 207–230. (in Chinese)CrossRef
  Zheng Y W, Xue D Y, Zhang G S, 1994. Study on ecological evaluation criteria and standards for nature reserves in China. Rural Eco-Environment, 10(3): 22–25. (in Chinese)
  
• 作者单位：Yili Zhang (1) (2)
  Zhongjun Hu (1) (3)
  Wei Qi (1) (3)
  Xue Wu (1) (3)
  Wanqi Bai (1)
  Lanhui Li (1) (3)
  Mingjun Ding (1) (4)
  Linshan Liu (1)
  Zhaofeng Wang (1)
  Du Zheng (1)
  
  1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
  2. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
  4. Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
  
• 刊物主题：Physical Geography; Nature Conservation; Geographical Information Systems/Cartography; Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1861-9568

文摘

Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method (LSCM). To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment, the alpine grassland net primary production (NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP, the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau. (2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected, the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant, whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan. With the exception of Selincuo, the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert. (3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples: (a) After the establishment of the nature reserves, the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves. (b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun, Changshagongma, Zoige and Selincuo (Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively significant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves, whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious. (c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow, but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe. This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change. Careful design of the samples used, to ensure comparability between the samples, is crucial to the success of this LSCM.