Global semi-arid climate change over last 60 years

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Jianping Huang ; Mingxia Ji ; Yongkun Xie ; Shanshan Wang ; Yongli He…
• 关键词：Semi ; arid ; Climate change ; Expansion ; Aridity index
• 刊名：Climate Dynamics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：46
• 期：3-4
• 页码：1131-1150
• 全文大小：3,620 KB
• 参考文献：Allen R, Pereira L, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration—guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, Rome
  Alexander M (2013) Extratropical air–sea interaction, sea surface temperature variability, and the Pacific decadal oscillation. In: Sun D, Bryan F (eds) Climate dynamics: why does climate vary? American Geophysical Union, Washington, pp 123–148
  Bader J, Latif M (2003) The impact of decadal-scale Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies on Sahelian rainfall and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 30(22):2169. doi:10.​1029/​2003GL018426 CrossRef
  Bounoua L, Safia A, Masek J, Peters-Lidard C, Imhoff M (2009) Impact of urban growth on surface climate: a case study in Oran, Algeria. J Appl Meteorol 48(2):217–231CrossRef
  Charney J (1975) Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel. Q J R Meteorol Soc 101(428):193–202CrossRef
  Chen M, Xie P, Janowiak JE, Arkin PA (2002) Global land precipitation: a 50-yr monthly analysis based on gauge observations. J Hydrometeorol 3:249–266CrossRef
  Chen F, Chen J, Holmes J, Boomer I, Austin P, Gates J, Wang N, Brooks S, Zhang J (2010) Moisture changes over the last millennium in arid central Asia: a review, synthesis and comparison with monsoon region. Quat Sci Rev 29(7–8):1055–1068CrossRef
  Chou C, Neelin J, Chen C, Tu J (2009) Evaluating the “rich-get-richer” mechanism in tropical precipitation change under global warming. J Clim 22(8):1982–2004CrossRef
  Compo GP, Whitaker JS, Sardeshmukh PD, Matsui N, Allan RJ, Yin X, Gleason BE, Vose RS, Rutledge G, Bessemoulin P, Brönnimann S, Brunet M, Crouthamel RI, Grant AN, Groisman PY, Jones PD, Kruk MC, Kruger AC, Marshall GJ, Maugeri M, Mok HY, Nordli Ø, Ross TF, Trigo RM, Wang XL, Woodruff SD, Worley SJ (2011) The twentieth century reanalysis project. Q J Roy Meteor Soc 137(654):1–28. doi:10.​1002/​qj.​776 CrossRef
  Cook BI, Miller RL, Seager R (2009) Amplification of the North American “Dust Bowl” drought through human-induced land degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(13):4997–5001CrossRef
  Dai A (2013a) Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models. Nat Clim Change 3(1):52–58CrossRef
  Dai A (2013b) The influence of the inter-decadal Pacific oscillation on US precipitation during 1923–2010. Clim Dyn 41(3–4):633–646CrossRef
  Dai A, Lamb PJ, Trenberth KE, Hulme M, Jones PD, Xie P (2004) The recent Sahel drought is real. Int J Climatol 24(11):1323–1331CrossRef
  Donohue RJ, McVicar TR, Roderick ML (2010) Assessing the ability of potential evaporation formulations to capture the dynamics in evaporative demand within a changing climate. J Hydrol 386(1):186–197CrossRef
  Dregne H (2002) Land degradation in the drylands. Arid Land Res Manag 16(2):99–132CrossRef
  Evans J, Geerken R (2004) Discrimination between climate and human-induced dryland degradation. J Arid Environ 57(4):535–554CrossRef
  Fan Y, Van den Dool H (2008) A global monthly land surface air temperature analysis for 1948–present. J Geophys Res Atmos (1984–2012) 113(D1):D01103. doi:10.​1029/​2007JD008470
  Feddema J (2005) A revised Thornthwaite-type global climate classification. Phys Geogr 26(6):442–466CrossRef
  Feng S, Fu Q (2013) Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate. Atmos Chem Phys 13(19):10081–10094CrossRef
  Feng S, Hu Q, Oglesby R (2011) Influence of Atlantic sea surface temperatures on persistent drought in North America. Clim Dyn 37:569–586CrossRef
  Feng S, Hu Q, Huang W, Ho C, Li R, Tang Z (2014) Projected climate regime shift under future global warming from multi-model, multi-scenario CMIP5 simulations. Global Planet Change 112:41–52CrossRef
  Fricke K, Sterr T, Bubenzer O, Eitel B (2009) The oasis as a megacity: Urumqi’s fast urbanisation in a semiarid environment. Erde 140(4):449–463
  Gao Q, Kang M, Xu H, Jiang Y, Yang J (2010) Optimization of land use structure and spatial pattern for the semi-arid loess hilly–gully region in China. Catena 81(3):196–202CrossRef
  Garreaud R (2007) Precipitation and circulation covariability in the extratropics. J Clim 20(18):4789–4797. doi:10.​1175/​JCLI4257.​1 CrossRef
  Garreaud R, Lopez P, Minvielle M, Rojas M (2013) Large-scale control on the Patagonian climate. J Clim 26(1):215–230. doi:10.​1175/​jcli-d-12-00001.​1 CrossRef
  Geiger R (1954) Klassifikation der Klimate nach W. Köppen. In: Landolt-Börnstein–Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, pp 603–607
  Georgescu M, Miguez-Macho G, Steyaert L, Weaver C (2009) Climatic effects of 30 years of landscape change over the Greater Phoenix, Arizona, region: 1. Surface energy budget changes. J Geophys Res Atmos (1984–2012) 114(D5):D05110. doi:10.​1029/​2008JD010745
  Giannini A, Saravanan R, Chang P (2003) Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales. Science 302(5647):1027–1030CrossRef
  Greve P, Orlowsky B, Mueller B, Sheffield J, Reichstein M, Seneviratne SI (2014) Global assessment of trends in wetting and drying over land. Nat Geosci 7(10):716–721CrossRef
  Guan X, Huang J, Guo N, Bi J, Wang G (2009) Variability of soil moisture and its relationship with surface albedo and soil thermal parameters over the Loess Plateau. Adv Atmos Sci 26(4):692–700. doi:10.​1007/​s00376-009-8198-0 CrossRef
  Hagos SM, Cook KH (2008) Ocean warming and late-twentieth-century Sahel drought and recovery. J Clim 21(15):3797–3814CrossRef
  Hamon WR (1963) Computation of direct runoff amounts from storm rainfall. Int Assoc Sci Hydrol Pub 63:52–62
  Hargreaves G, Samani Z (1985) Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature. Appl Eng Agric 1:96–99CrossRef
  He Y, Huang J, Ji M (2014) Impact of land–sea thermal contrast on interdecadal variation in circulation and blocking. Clim Dyn. doi:10.​1007/​s00382-00014-02103-y
  Held IM, Soden BJ (2006) Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. J Clim 19(21):5686–5699CrossRef
  Hobbins M, Wood A, Struebel D, Werner K (2012) What drives the variability of evaporative demand across the conterminous United States? J Hydrometeorol 13:1195–1214CrossRef
  Hoerling M, Hurrell J, Eischeid J, Phillips A (2006) Detection and attribution of twentieth-century northern and southern African rainfall change. J Clim 19:3989–4008CrossRef
  Huang J, Higuchi K, Shabbar A (1998) The relationship between the North Atlantic oscillation and El Niño-Southern oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 25:2707–2710CrossRef
  Huang H, Seager R, Kushnir Y (2005) The 1976/77 transition in precipitation over the Americas and the influence of tropical sea surface temperature. Clim Dyn 24(7–8):721–740CrossRef
  Huang J, Zhang W, Zuo J, Bi J, Shi J, Wang X, Chang Z, Huang Z, Yang S, Zhang B, Wang G, Feng G, Yuan J, Zhang L, Zuo H, Wang S, Fu C, Chou J (2008) An overview of the semi-arid climate and environment research observatory over the Loess Plateau. Adv Atmos Sci 25(6):1–16
  Huang J, Minnis P, Yan H, Yi Y, Chen B, Zhang L, Ayers J (2010) Dust aerosol effect on semi-arid climate over Northwest China detected from A-Train satellite measurements. Atmos Chem Phys 10(14):6863–6872CrossRef
  Huang J, Fu Q, Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang R, Ye H, Warren S (2011) Dust and black carbon in seasonal snow across northern China. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 92(2):175–181. doi:10.​1175/​2010BAMS3064.​1 CrossRef
  Huang J, Guan X, Ji F (2012) Enhanced cold-season warming in semi-arid regions. Atmos Chem Phys 12(12):5391–5398CrossRef
  Huang J, Wang T, Wang W, Li Z, Yan H (2014) Climate effects of dust aerosols over East Asian arid and semiarid regions. J Geophys Res Atmos 119:11398–11416. doi:10.​1002/​2014JD021796 CrossRef
  Hulme M, Doherty R, Ngara T, New M, Lister D (2001) African climate change: 1900–2100. Clim Res 17(2):145–168CrossRef
  IOCI (2002) Climate variability and change in southwest Western Australia. Technical report, Indian Ocean Climate Initiative Panel, Perth, p 34
  IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt K, Tignor M, Miller H (eds) Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  Ji F, Wu Z, Huang J, Eric P (2014) Evolution of land surface air temperature trend. Nat Clim Change. doi:10.​1038/​nclimate2223
  Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W, Deaven D, Gandin L, Iredell M, Saha S, White G, Woollen J, Zhu Y, Leetmaa A, Reynolds R, Chelliah M, Ebisuzaki W, Higgins W, Janowiak J, Mo K, Ropelewski C, Wang J, Jenne R, Joseph D (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77:437–471CrossRef
  Kane R (2009) Periodicities, ENSO effects and trends of some South African rainfall series—an update. S Afr J Sci 105(5–6):199–207
  Köppen W (1884): Die Wärmezonen der Erde, nach der Dauer der heissen, gemässigten und kalten Zeit und nach der Wirkung der Wärme auf die organische Welt betrachtet (The thermal zones of the earth according to the duration of hot, moderate and cold periods and to the impact of heat on the organic world). –Meteorol. Z. 1, 215–226. (trans, ed: Volken E, Brönnimann S. Meteorol. Z. 20 (2011), 351–360)
  Köppen W (1936) Das geographische System der Klimate. In: Koppen W, Geiger R (eds) Handbuch der Klimatologie, vol 1, GebrBorntrager, Berlin, pp 1–44
  Kottek M, Grieser J, Beck C, Rudolf B, Rubel F (2006) World map of the Koppen–Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol Z 15(3):259–263CrossRef
  Kushnir Y, Robinson W, Bladé I, Hall N, Peng S, Sutton R (2002) Atmospheric GCM response to extratropical SST anomalies: synthesis and evaluation. J Clim 15:2233–2256CrossRef
  Kushnir Y, Seager R, Ting M, Naik N, Nakamura J (2010) Mechanisms of tropical Atlantic SST influence on North American precipitation variability. J Clim 23:5610–5628CrossRef
  Legates DR, Willmott CJ (1990a) Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected, global precipitation. Int J Climatol 10(2):111–127CrossRef
  Legates DR, Willmott CJ (1990b) Mean seasonal and spatial variability in global surface air temperature. Theor Appl Climatol 41(1–2):11–21CrossRef
  Li J, Zeng Q (2002) A unified monsoon index. Geophys Res Lett 29(8):1274. doi:10.​1029/​2001GL013874 CrossRef
  Li H, Dai A, Zhou T, Lu J (2010) Responses of East Asian summer monsoon to historical SST and atmospheric forcing during 1950–2000. Clim Dyn 34(4):501–514CrossRef
  Li A, Wu J, Huang J (2012) Distinguishing between human-induced and climate-driven vegetation changes: a critical application of RESTREND in inner Mongolia. Landsc Ecol 27(7):969–982CrossRef
  Liu C, Xia J (2004) Water problems and hydrological research in the Yellow River and the Huai and Hai River basins of China. Hydrol Process 18(12):2197–2210CrossRef
  Liu H, Yin Y, Tian Y, Ren J, Wang H (2008) Climatic and anthropogenic controls of topsoil features in the semi-arid East Asian steppe. Geophys Res Lett 35(4):L04401. doi:10.​1029/​2007GL032980
  Lu J (2009) The dynamics of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature forcing of Sahel drought. Clim Dyn 33(4):445–460CrossRef
  Lu J, Delworth TL (2005) Oceanic forcing of the late 20th century Sahel drought. Geophys Res Lett 32(22):L22706. doi:10.​1029/​2005GL023316 CrossRef
  Mabbutt JA (1979) Desert landforms. MIT, Cambridge, p 340
  Makkink G (1957) Testing the Penman formula by means of Lysimeters. J Inst of Water Eng 11:277–288
  Marshall G (2003) Trends in the Southern Annular Mode from Observations and Reanalyses. J Clim 16:4134–4143CrossRef
  Mason S (2001) El Niño, climate change, and Southern African climate. Environmetrics 12:327–345CrossRef
  McAfee S (2013) Methodological differences in projected potential evapotranspiration. Clim Change 120:915–930CrossRef
  McCabe GJ, Betancourt JL, Gray ST, Palecki MA, Hidalgo HG (2008) Associations of multi-decadal sea-surface temperature variability with US drought. Quat Int 188(1):31–40CrossRef
  McVicar TR, Roderick ML, Donohue RJ, Li LT, Van Niel TG, Thomas A, Grieser J, Jhajharia D, Himri Y, Mahowald NM (2012) Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds: implications for evaporation. J Hydrol 416:182–205CrossRef
  Méndez M, Magaña V (2010) Regional aspects of prolonged meteorological droughts over Mexico and Central America. J Clim 23(5):1175–1188CrossRef
  Middleton N, Thomas D (1997) World atlas of desertification, 2nd edn. Arnold, a member of the Hodder Headline Group, London
  Misra V (2003) The influence of Pacific SST variability on the precipitation over southern Africa. J Clim 16:2408–2418CrossRef
  Mitchell T, Jones PD (2005) An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids. Int J Climatol 25(6):693–712CrossRef
  Mo K, Schemm J, Yoo S (2009) Influence of ENSO and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on drought over the United States. J Clima 22:5962–5982CrossRef
  Monteith J (1981) Evaporation and surface temperature. Q J Roy Meteor Soc 107(451):1–27CrossRef
  Mulitza S, Heslop D, Pittauerova D, Fischer HW, Meyer I, Stuut J-B, Zabel M, Mollenhauer G, Collins JA, Kuhnert H (2010) Increase in African dust flux at the onset of commercial agriculture in the Sahel region. Nature 466(7303):226–228CrossRef
  Nicholson S (2000) Land surface processes and Sahel climate. Rev Geophys 38(1):117–139CrossRef
  Nicholson S (2013) The West African Sahel: a review of recent studies on the rainfall regime and its interannual variability. ISRN Meteorol 2013:1–32CrossRef
  Nicholson S, Kim J (1997) The relationship of the El Niño Southern oscillation to African rainfall. Int J Climatol 17:117–135CrossRef
  Omuto C, Vargas R, Alim M, Paron P (2010) Mixed-effects modelling of time series NDVI–rainfall relationship for detecting human-induced loss of vegetation cover in drylands. J Arid Environ 74(11):1552–1563CrossRef
  Otterman J (1974) Baring high-albedo soils by overgrazing—a hypothesized desertification mechanism. Science 186(4163):531–533CrossRef
  Parker D, Folland C, Scaife A, Knight J, Colman A, Baines P, Dong B (2007) Decadal to multidecadal variability and the climate change background. J Geophys Res. doi:10.​1029/​2007jd008411
  Paruelo JM, Beltrán Adriana, Jobbágy Esteban, Sala Osvaldo E, Golluscio RA (1998) The climate of Patagonia: general patterns and controls on biotic processes. Ecol Austral 8:85–101
  Peel M, Finlayson B, McMahon T (2007) Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 11:1633–1644CrossRef
  Penman HL (1948) Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc R Soc Lond A 193(1032):120–145CrossRef
  Priestley C, Taylor R (1972) On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large scale parameters. Mon Weath Rev 100:81–92CrossRef
  Randel W, Wu F (1999) Cooling of the Arctic and Antarctic polar stratospheres due to ozone depletion. J Clim 12:1467–1479CrossRef
  Reason C, Rouault C (2002) ENSO-like decadal variability and South African rainfall. Geophys Res Lett 29:1638. doi:10.​1029/​2002GL014663 CrossRef
  Richard Y, Trzaska S, Roucou P, Rouault M (2000) Modification of the Southern African rainfall variability/El Niño southern oscillation relationship. Clim Dyn 16:883–895CrossRef
  Rodell M, Houser P, Jambor U, Gottschalck J, Mitchell K, Meng C, Arsenault K, Cosgrove B, Radakovich J, Bosilovich M (2004) The global land data assimilation system. B Am Meteorol Soc 85(3):381–394CrossRef
  Rotenberg E, Yakir D (2010) Contribution of semi-arid forests to the climate system. Science 327(5964):451–454CrossRef
  Safriel U, Adeel Z (2005) Dryland systems. In: Hassan R, Scholes R, Ash N (eds) Ecosystems and human well-being, current state and trends, vol 1. Island Press, Washington, pp 625–658
  Scanlon BR, Keese KE, Flint AL, Flint LE, Gaye CB, Edmunds WM, Simmers I (2006) Global synthesis of groundwater recharge in semiarid and arid regions. Hydrol Process 20(15):3335–3370CrossRef
  Schiemann R, Luthi D, Vidale P, Schar C (2008) The precipitation climate of Central Asia—intercomparison of observational and numerical data sources in a remote semiarid region. Int J Climatol 28:295–314CrossRef
  Schwinning S, Sala OE, Loik ME, Ehleringer JR (2004) Thresholds, memory, and seasonality: understanding pulse dynamics in arid/semi-arid ecosystems. Oecologia 141(2):191–193CrossRef
  Seager R, Naik N, Vecchi GA (2010) Thermodynamic and dynamic mechanisms for large-scale changes in the hydrological cycle in response to global warming. J Clim 23(17):4651–4668CrossRef
  Shaw S, Riha S (2011) Assessing temperature-based PET equations under a changing climate in temperate, deciduous forests. Hydrol Process 25:1466–1478CrossRef
  Sheffield J, Goteti G, Wood E (2006) Development of a 50-year high-resolution global dataset of meteorological forcings for land surface modeling. J Clim 19(13):3088–3111CrossRef
  Sheffield J, Wood EF, Roderick ML (2012) Little change in global drought over the past 60 years. Nature 491(7424):435–438CrossRef
  Shi G, Cai W, Cowan T, Ribbe J, Rotstayn L, Dix M (2008) Variability and trend over the northwest Western Australian rainfall: observations and coupled climate modeling. J Clim 21:2938–2959CrossRef
  Su J, Huang J, Fu Q, Minnis P, Ge J, Bi J (2008) Estimation of Asian dust aerosol effect on cloud radiation forcing using Fu–Liou radiative model and CERES measurements. Atmos Chem Phys 8(10):2763–2771CrossRef
  Taschetto A, England M (2008) An analysis of late 20th century trends in Australian rainfall. Int J Climatol 29:791–807CrossRef
  Thomas D (2011) Arid zone geomorphology: process, form and change in drylands, 3rd edn. Wiley-Blackwell, xxiv
  Thompson D, Wallace JM (2000) Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: month-to-month variability. J Clim 13:1000–1016CrossRef
  Thornthwaite CW (1948) An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr Rev 38(1):55–94CrossRef
  Ting M, Kushnir Y, Seager R, Li C (2009) Forced and internal twentieth-century SST trends in the North Atlantic. J Clim 22(6):1469–1481CrossRef
  Trenberth KE, Stepaniak DP, Caron JM (2000) The global monsoon as seen through the divergent atmospheric circulation. J Climate 13(22):3969–3993CrossRef
  Trewartha G, Horn L (1980) An introduction to climate, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 437
  Turc L (1961) Evaluation de besoins en eau d’irrigation, ET potentielle. Ann Agron 12:13–49
  Ueda H, Iwai A, Kuwako K, Hori M (2006) Impact of anthropogenic forcing on the Asian summer monsoon as simulated by eight GCMs. Geophys Res Lett 33:L06703. doi:10.​1029/​2005GL025336 CrossRef
  Wang B, Ding Q (2006) Changes in global monsoon precipitation over the past 56 years. Geophys Res Lett 33(6):L06711. doi:10.​1029/​2005GL025347 CrossRef
  Wang K, Dickinson R (2012) A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration: observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic variability. Rev Geophys 50:RG2005. doi:10.​1029/​2011RG000373
  Wang G, Huang J, Guo W, Zuo J, Wang J, Bi J, Huang Z, Shi J (2010) Observation analysis of land–atmosphere interactions over the Loess Plateau of northwest China. J Geophys Res 115:D00K17. doi:10.​1029/​2009JD013372
  Wang X, Doherty S, Huang J (2013) Black carbon and other light-absorbing impurities in snow across Northern China. J Geophys Res Atmos 118:1471–1492CrossRef
  Wang S, Huang J, He Y, Guan Y (2014) Combined effects of the Pacific decadal oscillation and El Nino-southern oscillation on global land dry–wet changes. Sci Rep 4:6651. doi:10.​1038/​srep06651 CrossRef
  Wardle R, Smith I (2004) Modeled response of the Australian monsoon to changes in land surface temperatures. Geophys Res Lett 31:L16205. doi:10.​1029/​2004GL020157 CrossRef
  Wessels K, Prince S, Malherbe J, Small J, Frost P, VanZyl D (2007) Can human-induced land degradation be distinguished from the effects of rainfall variability? A case study in South Africa. J Arid Environ 68(2):271–297CrossRef
  Xu M, Chang C, Fu C, Qi Y, Robock A, Robinson D, Zhang H (2006) Steady decline of east Asian monsoon winds, 1969–2000: evidence from direct ground measurements of wind speed. J Geophys Res Atmos. doi:10.​1029/​2006JD007337
  Xu Y, B-s Tang, Chan EH (2011) State-led land requisition and transformation of rural villages in transitional China. Habitat International 35(1):57–65CrossRef
  Xue Y (1996) The impact of desertification in the Mongolian and the Inner Mongolian grassland on the regional climate. J Clim 9(9):2173–2189CrossRef
  Xue Y, Shukla J (1993) The influence of land surface properties on Sahel climate. Part 1: desertification. J Clim 6(12):2232–2245CrossRef
  Zeng N, Neelin JD, Lau K-M, Tucker CJ (1999) Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction. Science 286(5444):1537–1540CrossRef
  Zhou T, Gong D, Li J, Li B (2009) Detecting and understanding the multi-decadal variability of the East Asian summer monsoon-recent progress and state of affairs. Meteorol Z 18(4):455–467CrossRef
  Zhu C, Wang B, Qian W, Zhang B (2012) Recent weakening of northern East Asian summer monsoon: a possible response to global warming. Geophys Res Lett. doi:10.​1029/​2012GL051155
  Zuo Z, Yang S, Kumar A, Zhang R, Xue Y, Jha B (2012) Role of thermal condition over Asia in the weakening Asian summer monsoon under global warming background. J Clim 25(9):3431–3436CrossRef
  
• 作者单位：Jianping Huang (1)
  Mingxia Ji (1)
  Yongkun Xie (1)
  Shanshan Wang (1)
  Yongli He (1)
  Jinjiang Ran (1)
  
  1. Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Meteorology and Climatology
  Oceanography
  
• 出版者：Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-0894

文摘

This study analyzes areal changes and regional climate variations in global semi-arid regions over 61 years (1948–2008) and investigates the dynamics of global semi-arid climate change. The results reveal that the largest expansion of drylands has occurred in semi-arid regions since the early 1960s. This expansion of semi-arid regions accounts for more than half of the total dryland expansion. The area of semi-arid regions in the most recent 15 years studied (1990–2004) is 7 % larger than that during the first 15 years (1948–1962) of the study period; this expansion totaled 0.4 × 106 and 1.2 × 106 km2 within the American continents and in the Eastern Hemisphere, respectively. Although semi-arid expansion occurred in both regions, the shifting patterns of the expansion are different. Across the American continents, the newly formed semi-arid regions developed from arid regions, in which the climate became wetter. Conversely, in the continental Eastern Hemisphere, semi-arid regions replaced sub-humid/humid regions, in which the climate became drier. The climate change in drying semi-arid regions over East Asia is primarily dominated by a weakened East Asian summer monsoon, while the wetting of semi-arid regions over North America is primarily controlled by enhanced westerlies. Keywords Semi-arid Climate change Expansion Aridity index